1 Introduction
The ancient Greeks lived on many islands.
The following islands are described here.
Ceos, Cephallenia, Corcyra, Cos, Crete, Cyprus, Cythera, Delos, Echinades, Icos, Imbros, Ithaca, Lemnos, Lesbos, Leucas, Melos, Naxos, Paros, Peparethos, Rhodes, Samothrace, Sciathos, Seriphus, Syme, Taphos, Tenedos, Thasus, Thera.
Lipara, Sardinia and Sicily are described in "Emigration to Italy".
Aegina, Euboea, Salamis, and Scyros are described in "Bronze Age History of Attica".
Chios and Samos are described in "Asia Minor Colony".
2 Ceos
In 1390 BC, Aristaeus, son of Archander, son of Achaeus, and Cyrene, daughter of Hypseus, migrated to the island of Ceos. [1]
It is unknown where Archander migrated from, but his migration was joined by the Parrhasians living in Arcadia. [2]
In 1372 BC, Aristaeus returned from the island of Ceos to his parents in Egypt and led a group of Egyptian immigrants to Sardinia. [3]
When Aristaeus left Ceos, he left descendants on the island. [4]
In 1264 BC, Minos attacked the island of Ceos, captured Dexithea, and made her his wife. [5]
Dexithea appears to be a descendant of the children left on the island of Ceos by Aristaeus, son of Hypseus' daughter Cyrene. [6]
Strabo tells us that Nestor, the son of Neleus, stopped at the island of Ceos on his way back from Troy and built the sanctuary of Nedusian Athena. [7]
However, Homer reports that it took Nestor four days to travel from Troy via Euboea to the vicinity of Argos. [8]
It is assumed that the people living near the Nedon River, which flows into the Gulf of Messenia, later migrated to Ceos Island and named Nestor as the owner of the shrine in order to make the shrine they had built look historic.
3 Cephallenia
3.1 Emigration from Laconia
In 1390 BC, Teleboas, son of Therapne, daughter of Lelex, migrated from Therapne in Laconia to Acarnania. [9]
Lelex was a descendant of Io, daughter of Iasus, who migrated from Argos to Egypt. The people led by Teleboas, who were Pelasginas, were called Leleges, after the name of Lelex. [10]
Teleboas had 22 sons. Their inhabitants became known as the Teleboans and spread their settlements throughout Acarnania. [11]
Teleboans are also presumed to have settled in Cephallenia.
3.2 Emigration from Attica
In 1277 BC, Cephalus, son of Deion, went on an expedition to the land of the Teleboans and settled on the largest island in the Ionian Sea, which he called Cephallenia. [12]
Cephalus was king of Thoricus in Attica, but being pursued by Aegeus, he emigrated to Thebes, from where he joined the expedition of Amphitryon, father of Heracles. [13]
Cephalus fought against the Teleboans, who were already living on the island, and took Pterelas' daughter Euryodeia as his wife, and they had a son, Arcesius (or Arcisius). [14]
Ithacus, Neritus, and Polyctor, the three sons of Pterelas, son of Deioneus, who were driven out of Cephallenia by Cephalus, migrated to the island of Ithaca. [15]
3.3 Emigration from Eleia
In 1244 BC, Phyleus, son of Augeas, from Elis of Eleia, settled in Dulichium. [16]
Dulichium also seems to refer to an island belonging to the Echinades, as reported by Homer and Strabo. [17]
However, for the following reasons, it is assumed that Dulichium, where Phyleus moved from Elis, was located in Cephallenia.
Pausanias tells us that the Paleis of Cephallenia dedicated a statue of Timoptolis, son of Lampis of Elean to Olympia. He also tells us that Paleans used to be called Dulichians. [18]
Therefore, it is assumed that Dulichium of Cephallenia was the place where Phyleus, the son of Augeas, migrated.
The contact point between Cephalus and Phyleus, which was indigenous to Cephalenia, is unknown. Phyleus may have chosen Cephallenia as a destination in search of a suitable location.
4 Corcyra
In 1237 BC, Jason, son of Aeson, went on an expedition with Heracles, son of Amphitryon, to Thesprotia and settled in Scheria (later Corcyra). [19]
Jason's move came after the death of his wife Medea, with whom he lived in Corinth.
Jason entrusted Corinth to Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, and took Corcyra, daughter of Sisyphus, as his wife and emigrated. [20]
Mermerus, son of Jason and Medea, lived in Ephyra, which was occupied by Heracles.
Shortly before the Trojan War, Odysseus, son of Laertes, visited Ilus, son of Mermerus, son of Jason, who lived in Ephyra. [21]
Corcyra was inherited from Jason to Phaeax, and the islanders were called Phaeacians. [22]
His son Alcinous, who followed in Phaeax's footsteps, became a man of rank who hired minstrels.
One of these was Demodocus, a native of Amyclae, who became a bard under Automedes and Perimedes of Argos, and won prizes in Pythian games. [23]
Nausicaa, daughter of Alcinous, married Telemachus, son of Odysseus. [24]
Later, as Eretria of Euboea became more powerful, the Eretrians colonized Corcyra.
In 734 BC, a group of Corinthians colonized Corcyra and expelled the Eretrians.
The Eretrians attempted to land in his homeland of Eretria in Euboea, but were thwarted and settled in Methone of Macedonia. [25]
5 Cos
5.1 Emigration from Rhodes
In 1415 BC, Erysichthon's son Candalus migrated from Rhodes to Cos. [26]
Candalus was one of the Heliadae, but left Rhodes due to internal conflict. [27]
5.2 Emigration from Lesbos
In 1340 BC, Neandrus, son of Macareus, migrated from Lesbos to Cos. [28]
5.3 Heracles' Expedition
Heracles is said to have been washed away and stopped in Cos on his way back from Troy. [29]
If Heracles' visit to Cos was not a fiction, it is presumed that it was as follows.
In 1244 BC, Merops, ruler of Cos, was driven from the island by Eurypylus, who had taken his daughter Clytia in marriage from Miletus, and asked Heracles for help. Heracles attempts to bring Merops back, but Eurypylus thwarts him, and a battle ensues. Chalcodon (or Chalcon), who wounded Heracles at this time, was the son of Eurypylus. [30]
Merops is presumed to be a descendant of Neandrus, son of Macareus, who migrated from Lesbos to Cos. [31]
5.4 Trojan War
Heracles had a son, Thessalus (or Thettalus), by Chalciope, daughter of Eurypylus of Cos. Thessalus' two sons, Pheidippus (or Phidippus) and Antiphus, led the people of Cos against Troy, and both were slain by Hector. [32]
Sisyphus of Cos served on the Trojan expedition and left records on which Homer reportedly wrote the Iliad. [33]
5.5 Relationship with the descendants of Asclepius
Their descendants continued to live on Cos, and Hippocrates, the father of medicine in the early 4th century BC, was the 20th descendant of Heracles. [34]
After the fall of Troy in 1186 BC, Podalirus, son of Asclepius (or Aesculapius), who served as a surgeon for the Trojan expedition led by Agamemnon, wandered through Asia Minor. And in Bybastus of Caria, ruled by Damaethus, who was presumed to be the son of Staphylus, son of Ariadne, the daughter of Minos, Podalirus married Syrna, the daughter of Damaethus. Podalirus founded Syrnus, named after his wife. [35]
Cos was located very close to Syrnus, and it is assumed that a descendant of Thessalus, son of Heracles, who lived in Cos, married a descendant of Podalirus, son of Asclepius, from Syrnus. [36]
5.6 Emigration from Argos
In 1070 BC, Althaemenes, son of Ceisus, son of Temenus, led Dorians and Pelasgians from Argos and settled in Rhodes. [37]
Later, part of the Althaemene emigrant group crossed from Rhodes to Cos. [38]
6 Crete
6.1 The first Greeks
There was a battle between Argos and Sicyon on the Peloponnesus peninsula.
Apis, son of Phoroneus of Argos, defeated Telchin, son of Europs, son of Aezeius of Sicyon, in battle and took control of two cities. [39]
In 1690 BC, Cres, son of Telchin, migrated across the sea to Aeria. [40]
Aeria is now called Crete, after Cres. [41]
The theologian St. Jerome of the 5th century AD describes Cres and Thelxion, son of Telchin of Sicyon, as contemporaries. [42]
The descendants of Cres, called the Telchines, migrated to the island of Ophiussa (later Rhodes), made it their home base, and ruled the Aegean Sea. [43]
It is assumed that the Cres settlement was near Aptera in northwest Crete. [44]
The Idaean Dactyls, identified with the Telchines, were the first to invent iron utilization on Aptera. [45]
6.2 Emigration from Arcadia
In 1450 BC, Cydon, Gortys, and Archedius, the three sons of Tegeates from Tegea in Arcadia, migrated to Crete and founded Cydonia, Gortyna, and Catreus. [46]
Severe food shortages were the cause of the migration. [47]
6.3 Founding of Hierapytna
In 1450 BC, Cyrbas, who lived in Cnossus, moved to the southeast coast of the island and founded Hierapytna. [48]
The migration of Cyrbas appears to have been the result of unrest within Crete due to the migration of Tegeates' sons.
6.4 Emigration to Rhodes
In 1450 BC, Erysichthon migrated from Prasus in Crete to Rhodes. [49]
Erysichthon's migration appears to have been the result of Prasus being defeated by Hierapytna. [50]
Erysichthon married Rhodes, daughter of Halia of Telchines, and they had seven sons. [51]
The sons of Rhodos became known as Heliadae. [52]
6.5 Discovery of iron
According to the 1st century AD philosopher Thrasyllus, the discovery of iron by the Great Fire of Ida occurred 73 years after the Flood. [53]
Also, according to Thrasyllus, the “Seven Generals' attack on Thebes” occurred 293 years after the “Flood”. [54]
The invasion of Thebes by the Argives led by Adrastus is estimated to have taken place in 1215 BC, so the “Flood” is dated to 1508 BC.
The “Flood” is presumed to be a great flood in Thessaly that occurred in 1511 BC, the year that King Cranaus replaced Cecrops as king of Athens. [55]
Therefore, the discovery of iron is estimated to be in 1438 BC.
The Parian Marble records that iron was discovered during the reign of Pandion, king of Athens (1442-02 BC), so this seems appropriate. [56]
6.5.1 Birth of Idaean Dactyls
After the great fire of Mount Ida, Celmis (or Kelmis, Scelmis) and Damnameneus (or Damnaneus) discovered iron by chance, and subsequently invented the process of wrought iron. [57]
The two were Telchines, called the Ideaan Dactyls, who taught the people to smelt and temper iron. [58]
They are the sons of Melisseus, the son of Apteras, the founder of Aptera, and are presumed to be the brothers of Ida (or Idothea), the mother of Teucrus, the founder of the kingdom of Troy. [59]
6.6 Emigration from Crete
In 1435 BC, Teucrus (or Teucer, Teukros) led a group of immigrants from Aptera in Crete, and landed near Hamaxitus in Troas. [60]
Teucrus was the son of Ida (or Idothea), sister of Celmis (or Kelmis) and Damnameneus, the first discoverers of iron in Crete. [61]
Teucrus was accompanied by the Idaean Dactyls, who explored deposits north of Hamaxitus and settled around Mount Ida. [62]
6.7 Cadmus's coming island
In 1425 BC, a group of immigrants led by Cadmus, son of Agenor, stopped at Crete. [63]
An important encounter occurred with the two daughters of Phoenix, half-brother of Cadmus, who were among this group of immigrants.
6.7.1 Europa
Cydon, who lived in Cydonia, married Europa, daughter of Phoenix, and had two sons, Minos and Cardys. [63-1]
6.7.2 Astypalaea
The Ideaan Heracles, who lived in Aptera, married Astypalaea, the daughter of Phoenix, and had two sons, Ancaeus and Periclymenus. [63-2]
6.8 Cydon and Europa
6.8.1 Attack of the large tsunami
In 1420 BC, Cydon was killed in a massive tsunami that hit northern Crete, and Europa survived, along with her two sons. [63-3]
6.8.2 Emigration from Doris
In 1420 BC, a group of immigrants led by Cadmus and Thracians passed through Thessaly after being forced out of Thracia by a large tsunami. Pressed by that large group, Dorus, the son of Hellen, led the Dorians and migrated from the northern region of Thessaly between Mount Oeta and Mount Parnassus. Later, Tectamus, the son of Dorus, led the Dorians as well as the Aeolians and Pelasgians and migrated to Crete. [63-4]
Tectamus settled in Cnossus in eastern Crete.
Strabo reports that Larisa was located near Hierapytna in southeastern Crete. [63-5]
Larisa was probably founded by the Pelasgians who migrated with Tectamus.
The theologian Jerome of the 5th century AD mentions the name Lapis as ruler of Crete before Asterius. [63-6]
6.8.3 Europa’s remarriage
Asterius, son of Tectamus, stopped at Cydonia on his voyage and married Europa, daughter of Phoenix. [64]
Minos did not move to Cnossus as a stepchild of his mother Europa, but married Androgeneia from Phaistos in south-central Crete, and had a son, Asterios. [65]
Afterwards, Asterius, the son of Tectamus, died childless with Europa, and the Dorians of Cnossus summoned Minos to Cnossus, married Itone, the daughter of Lyctus, and made him succeed Asterius. Lyctus is presumed to be the founder of Lyctus, southeast of Cnossus. Lyctus also appears to be the son of Asterius's maternal grandfather Cretheus, inferring from his daughter's name, which is reminiscent of the name of Itonus of Thessaly. Minos and Itone had a son, Lycastus, and a daughter, Idea. [66]
6.8.4 Emigration of Minos
In 1390 BC, shortly after Lycastus was born, a huge tsunami hit northern Crete, and Cnossus, home of Minos, was also affected.
Minos took refuge with his brother Cardys in Cydonia. However, that area was also affected by the tsunami. Minos picked up victims from Aptera, joined a group of Aptera Telchines and other immigrants headed for Asia Minor, and migrated to Troas. [67]
A little later Cardys returned to Cydonia, but Minos settled near Dardanus, which was then ruled by Dardanus' son Erichthonius.
At that time, Corybas, the orphaned son of Dardanus' younger brother Iasion, who had been taken across the sea by Dardanus, was living with his mother Cybele near Mount Ida. Corybas married Thebe, daughter of Cilix, son of Agenor, and they had a daughter, Ide. A son, Lyctius, was born to Minos. Lyctius and Ide later married. [68]
Lyctius and Ide were a kindred spirit, descended from a common ancestor, Lycaon, son of Pelasgus of Arcadia.
The descendants of Minos amassed wealth through gold mining in Astyra, near Dardanus, and returned to Crete. They possessed many ships, expelled the pirate-like inhabitants of the islands that were threatening maritime traffic at the time, and gained control of many islands, gaining control of the Aegean Sea. [69]
It is estimated that it was the second Minos to return to Crete.
Plato writes in Gorgias that Minos and Rhadamanthys were born in Asia. [70]
Regarding the marriage between Minos and Perseis' daughter Pasiphae, it is more reasonable to think that she married Troas than to think that Pasiphae married from Colchis to Crete. [71]
Minos returned to Crete after his marriage to Pasiphae, probably around 1290 BC.
6.8.5 Asterios, son of Minos
Asterios did not live with his father Minos in Cnossus, but grew up a short distance away in Amnisos. [72]
Amnisos was also affected by the tsunami, and Asterios moved to Troas with his father.
A trade route from Corinth on the Peloponnesus peninsula to Colchis on the eastern coast of the Black Sea passed near Troas, and Asterios migrated from his father to Colchis. [73]
Before this migration, Asterios had married Cleochus' daughter Aria and had two sons, Miletos and Caunos. Asterios took a new wife in Colchis and had a daughter, Perseis (or Perse). [74]
Perseis married Polymedes, or Clytius (or Plexippus, or Pandion), son of Phineus. The sons of Phineus migrated from Salmydessus on the southwestern coast of the Black Sea to Tauric Chersonese (present-day Crimea Peninsula) on the northern coast of the Black Sea. [75]
Perseis had two sons, Perses and Aeetes, and two daughters, Circe and Pasiphae. [76]
Perses succeeded his father, and Aeetes moved to Colchis, where he had no successor, and took Perses' daughter Hecate as his wife. [77]
Pasiphae married a second Minos who lived in Troas. [78]
The woman Asterios married at Colchis appears to have been the daughter of Chalciope, daughter of Aeetes, son of Sisyphus, and Phrixus, son of Athamas. [79]
Later, Medea, the daughter of Aeetes, son of Perseis, was invited by the Corinthians to take charge of the city, as she was a descendant of Sisyphus, the founder of Corinth.
6.9 Idaean Heracles and Astypalaea
6.9.1 Idaean Heracles
Idaean Heracles was Idaean Dactyls, presumed to be native to Aptera. [80]
Clymenus, son of Cardys, who held the competitions at Olympia and was banished by Endymion, son of Aethlius of Elis, was a descendant of the Idaean Heracles. [81]
Clymenus was born in 1395 BC, and there were only 43 years between him and the discovery of iron in 1438 BC. Thus, Ideaan Heracles is the father of Cardys or the father of Cardys' wife. However, since Cardys lived in Cydonia, it is assumed that Clymenus was the son of the daughter of the Ideaan Heracles.
Additionally, there is only one generation between Cardys and Cydon, the founder of Cydonia, and Cardys is presumed to be Cydon's son.
6.9.2 Emigration to Eleia
In 1420 BC, the Ideaan Heracles led a people affected by a great tsunami to migrate to Eleia.
The reason why he chose Eleia as his place of emigration is thought to have been because he heard from Cydon, who had migrated from Arcadia and founded Cydonia next to Aptera. [82]
In 1419 BC, the Ideaan Heracles and his brothers held the first competitions at Olympia. [83]
6.9.3 Emigration to Cheronesus
In 1416 BC, the Ideaan Heracles settled in Cheronesus of Caria, opposite the Rhodes, drove out the Carians, and founded five towns. [84]
Ancaeus, son of Idaean Heracles and Astypalaea, became king of the Leleges. [85]
The Leleges are considered to be a tribe of Carians, but they are presumed to be Greeks who are a hybrid of Carians. [86]
The daughter of the Ideaan Heracles, who grew up in Cherronesus, married Cardys, who lived in Cydonia of Crete. What made this long-distance marriage possible was their kinship.
In other words, Idaean Heracles' wife was Astypalaea, the daughter of Phoenix, and sister of Cardys' mother Europa, daughter of Phoenix. Cardys and the daughter of Idaean Heracles were cousins. [87]
6.10 Emigration to Eleia
In 1339 BC, Clymenus, son of Cardys, migrated from Cydonia in Crete to Olympia in Eleia. Clymenus was a descendant of the Ideaan Heracles and held competitions at Olympia. [88]
Clymenus migrated to Troas, pursued by Endymion, son of Aethlius of Elis. [89]
6.11 Age of the second Minos
6.11.1 Emigration to Caria
In 1280 BC, Miletus, son of Cleochus' daughter Aria, migrated from Crete to Caria, near the Maeander River, where he founded Miletus. [90]
6.11.2 Emigration to Lycia
In 1280 BC, Minos' brother Sarpedon migrated from Crete to Milyas (later Lycia) via Miletus. [92]
6.12 Battle against Athens
6.12.1 Cause and consequence of battle
In 1264 BC, Androgeus, son of Minos, was killed at Oenoe, at the foot of Mount Cithaeron, on his way to the funeral games of Laius, son of Labdacus, at Thebes. [93]
Diodorus tells us that Androgeus was killed because his intentions were suspected because he was close to the sons of Pallas, a political rival of Aegeus. [94]
Hyginus tells that Androgeus died during the battle between Aegeus and Minos. [95]
Presumably, after the battle with Aegeus and his brother-in-law, the next generation, the sons of Pallas, fought Aegeus through Androgeus and with the aid of Minos. [96]
Minos won the battle. Athens was to send seven young men and women to the island as hostages every nine years. [97]
6.12.2 Emigration to Aegina
In 1264 BC, Minos colonized Aegina with the Cretans after a battle with the Athenians. [98]
With the settlement of the Cretans, the sons of Aeacus who lived in Aegina left the island and migrated. [99]
During the Trojan War, the Cretans expanded to Salamis, and descendants of Telamon lived in Attica. [100]
6.12.3 Battle against Ceos
In 1264 BC, Minos attacked the island of Ceos, captured Dexithea, and made her his wife. [101]
Dexithea appears to be a descendant of the children left on the island of Ceos by Aristaeus, son of Hypseus' daughter Cyrene. [102]
6.12.4 Emigration to Boeotia
In 1264 BC, Minos' brother Rhadamanthys migrated to Onchestus in Boeotia. [103]
Onchestus was held by Megareus, son of Hippomenes, who was killed in battle with Nisus, son of Pandion, of Megara. [104]
6.13 Emigration to Asia Minor
In 1260 BC, Erythrus, son of Rhadamanthys, led a group of immigrants from Crete and settled on the opposite coast of Chios, where he founded Erythrae. [105]
Erythrae was co-dwelled by the Carians, who were friendly to the Cretans, and by a people called the Lycians, who had been expelled by Minos and immigrated with Sarpedon some time before. [106]
6.14 Minos' Sicily Expedition (Anecdote)
Minos is said to have been killed by Cocalus, king of the Camic tribe of Sicani, near the Camicus River in southwestern Sicily. [107]
Since Deucalion was the ruler of Crete when Theseus and Phaedra married, it is assumed that Minos died around 1245 BC. [108]
Herodotus reports that there was Trojan War two generations after Minos' death, so it generally fits. [109]
Minos' expedition to Sicily was to bring back Daedalus, but there was little basis for Minos himself to go on an expedition. Minos was estimated to be 70 years old at the time. [110]
The Sicily expedition of Minos appears to have been a creation of Daedalus's son Iapyx, who emigrated to Italy. [111]
Iapyx moved to Italy 15 years after Minos' death.
6.15 Alliance by marriage
Deucalion, who succeeded Minos, is said to have married his sister Phaedra to Theseus, son of Aegeus, in order to form an alliance with Athens. [112]
At the same time, Deucalion's two nieces were married to two towns in Peloponnesus.
After Minos' death, the descendants of Minos living in Cnossus seem to have had enemies around them.
6.15.1 Marriage to Athens
In 1241 BC, Phaedra, daughter of Minos, married Theseus, son of Aegeus, who lived in Athens. [113]
Together with Phaedra, Ceramus, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, emigrated from Naxos to Athens and became the progenitor of the district of Cerameicus. [114]
Along with Ceramus, many potters migrated from Crete, and Ceramicus became the Potters Quarter. [115]
6.15.2 Marriage to Cleonae
In 1233 BC, Aerope (or Eriphyle), daughter of Catreus, son of Minos, married Plisthenes, son of Atreus, who lived in Cleonae. [116]
At that time, Phliasus lived in Phlius, about 10 km from Cleonae.
Phliasus was the son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, and Aerope was his cousin. [117]
The long-distance marriage between Plisthenes and Aerope is presumed to have been mediated by Phliasus.
6.15.3 Marriage to Nauplia
In 1231 BC, Clymene, daughter of Catreus, son of Minos, married Nauplius, son of Clytonaeus, who lived in Nauplia. [118]
6.16 Emigration to Italy and Macedonia
In 1230 BC, there was a large-scale migration from Crete towards the Italian peninsula.
Judging from their previous marriages and this migration, it is assumed that there was a war within Crete.
6.16.1 Emigration of Iapyx
A group of immigrants led by Iapyx, son of Daedalus, settled in the southeastern part of the Italian peninsula. [119]
The river flowing near Hyria, where Iapyx settled, was the Iapyx River, the region was Iapygia, the cape was Iapygian Cape (now Capo di Leuca), and the inhabitants were called Iapygians (or Iapyges). [120]
6.16.2 Emigration of Cleolaus
A group of immigrants led by Cleolaus, son of Minos, settled in Apulia in the southeastern part of the Italian peninsula. Cleolaus called his tribe the Daunii, after his son Daunus. [121]
Euippe, daughter of Daunus, son of Cleolaus, married Diomedes, son of Tydeus, who came to Apulia with the Aetolians. [122]
6.16.3 Emigrating Botton
Once the group led by Botton entered the Adriatic Sea, they separated from the group led by Iapyx and migrated overland to Macedonia. [123]
The settlement of Botton was located west of the Axius River and north of the Haliacmon River, which flows into the Thermaic Gulf. [124]
A little north of the later Pella was Europus, founded 75 years earlier by Europus, son of Macedon, son of Aeolus, and Oreithyia, daughter of Cecrops. [125]
Botton's immigrant group included descendants of the Athenians sent from Athens to Crete during the time of Aegeus. [126]
The inhabitants of Europus were also descendants of those who had emigrated from Athens with the marriages of Oreithyia.
Botton was the son of Daedalus, the son of Merope (or Alcippe), the daughter of Pandion, the son of Cecrops, the father of Oreithyia, the mother of Europus. [127]
In other words, Europus was Botton's grandmother's cousin.
The people who were traveling with Botton were probably surprised to meet people who could speak their language in a foreign land.
6.17 Emigration to Asia Minor
In 1213 BC, Heracles' son Tlepolemus led the Tirynthians from Argolis to Rhodes. [128]
Tirynthians included Lebes, a clan of Eurytheus. Lebes settled in Crete without going to Rhodes with Tlepolemus. [129]
In 1200 BC, Rhacius, son of Lebes, traveled from Crete to Asia Minor and founded Colophon. [130]
Rhacius wept when he heard from Tiresias' daughter Manto about the fall of Thebes by the Epigoni. Lebes was a Mycenaean, presumed to be the son of Iphitus, son of Sthenelus. [131]
Astymedusa, sister of Iphitus, was married to Oedipus, son of Laius of Thebes. [132]
6.18 Troy Expedition
In 1188 BC, Idomeneus, son of Deucalion, son of Minos, and Meriones, son of Molus, son of Minos, led the Cretans in an expedition to Troy. [133]
They were joined by Dictys, who wrote the "Journal of the Trojan War" in the Phoenician language. [134]
It is said that Homer also transcribed the record. [135]
Dictys writes that he received information through Odysseus, son of Laertes. [136]
6.19 Crete after Trojan War
After the fall of Troy, Idomeneus and Meriones safely returned to Cnosus. [137]
After that, famine and pestilence killed many people in Crete, and only a few people survived. [138]
6.20 Emigration from Argos
In 1070 BC, Althaemenes, son of Ceisus, son of Temenus, led Dorians and Pelasgians from Argos to colonize Crete. [139]
The Dorians who lived in Megara also participated in the Althaemene migration group. [140]
A group of settlers led by Polis and Delphos captured Gortyn and cohabited with the natives. [141]
Gortyn was a town founded in 1430 BC by Gortys, son of Tegeates, who migrated from Tegea in Arcadia. [142]
Polis and Delphos led the Minyans, descendants of Philonomus, who lived in Amyclae. [143]
6.21 Emigration to Sicily
In 688 BC, Craton's son Entimus led the Cretans into southeastern Sicily and founded Gela. [144]
Antiphemus, who led the Lindians from Rhodes, cooperated with Entimus. [145]
Gelo's ancestor Telines also participated in the founding of Gela from Telos northwest of Rhodes. [146]
The founding of Gela was 45 years after the founding of Syracuse. [147]
7 Cyprus
7.1 Emigration from Crete
In 1430 BC, Celmis (or Kelmis, Scelmis) and Damnameneus (or Damnaneus) migrated from Crete to Cyprus and discovered iron. They are believed to have first discovered iron in Crete and subsequently explored the area over a wide area. [148]
7.2 Emigration from Phoenicia
In 1410 BC, Pygmalion founded Carpasia in the northeastern part of Cyprus. [149]
Pygmalion seems to be a relative of Sandocus, son of Astynous, who lived in Tyre of Phoenicia. Sandocus founded Celenderis in Cilicia. [150]
Astynous was the son of Phaethon, son of Tithonus, son of Cephalus, son of Herse, daughter of Cecrops, first king of Athens. [151]
7.3 Emigration from Cilicia
In 1385 BC, Cinyras, son of Sandocus and Pharnace, crossed from Celenderis to Cyprus and founded Palaepaphos near the southwest coast of the island. [152]
Cinyras married Pygmalion's daughter Metharme, and they had a daughter, Laogore (or Laodice). [153]
7.4 Marriage to Arcadia
In 1360 BC, Laogore, daughter of Cinyras, was married from Palaepaphos to Elatus, son of Arcas, who lived in Arcadia. [154]
It is assumed that Elatus and Laodice's marriage was related to Laogre's grandmother Pharnace, who was born in Arcadia.
Pharnace's father, Megassares, emigrated with Dardanus from Arcadia to Samothrace, and from there joined the Cadmus emigrants and emigrated to Boeotia. [155]
7.5 Emigration of Teucer and Agapenor
In 1205 BC, Teucer, son of Telamon, migrated from Salamis to Cyprus. Teucer married Eune, daughter of Cinyras of Palaepaphos. [156]
Teucer probably migrated to Cyprus in search of the precious ores produced in Amathus. Cinyras' mother was the godfather of Amathus. [157]
Cinyras became synonymous with wealth, rivaling King Midas, due to the precious ores produced in Amathus. [157-1]
7.5.1 Founding of Paphos
In 1200 BC, Agapenor, son of Ancaeus, migrated from Tegea in Arcadia to Cyprus and founded Paphos near Palaepaphos. [157-2]
Agapenor's emigration was later than Teucer's, and the purpose of his emigration was copper mining. [157-3]
It is likely that both Teucer and Agapenor were involved in the copper trade.
7.5.2 Founding of Salamis
In 1186 BC, Teucer rushed from Cyprus to Ilium to help Ajax, who was on an expedition to Troy with Achilles, but after the victory was decided. [157-4]
Teucer returned to Cyprus with the Trojans who wished to emigrate, and founded Salamis. [157-5]
7.6 Emigration to Cilicia
In 1160 BC, Ajax migrated from Cyprus to Cilicia Tracheia and took control of the Olbe region. [158]
Ajax appears to be the son of Teucer, son of Telamon of Salamis.
8 Cythera
In 1203 BC, Atreus' two grandsons, Agamemnon and Menelaus, returned to Mycenae from Lacedaemon. They imprisoned Pelops' son Thyestes and his son Aegisthus on Cythera, off the coast of the Gulf of Laconia. [159]
Thyestes died in Cythera. [160]
In 1187 BC, Aegisthus left the island and returned to Mycenae, taking control of the city. [161]
Legend has it that on his way from Troy to Italy, Aeneas, son of Anchises, stopped at Cythera and built a temple to Aphrodite. [162]
Considering that it was inhabited by Mycenaeans until just before, it seems to be a creation.
9 Delos
In 1525 BC, Erysichthon, son of Cecrops, the first king of Athens, founded the Temple of Apollo at Delos. [163]
In 1515 BC, Erysichthon, son of Cecrops, died on his way back to Athens after a ritual at Delos. [164]
In 1241 BC, Theseus, son of Aegeus, stopped at Delos on his way from Crete to Athens. [165]
The ruler of Delos at that time was Zarex, son of Petraeus, son of Carystus, the son of Scyrius (or Chiron), the father of Aegeus, the father of Theseus. In other words, Theseus' cousin ruled Delos.
Legend has it that Anius, son of Zarex, entertained Aeneas, son of Anchises, who stopped at Delos on his way to Italy after the fall of Troy. [166]
Anius's father, Zarex, and Achilles were cousins whose common ancestor was Cecrops, the seventh king of Athens, and this legend appears to be a work of fiction.
10 Echinades
In 1277 BC, Perseus' son Helius, along with his brother Electryon and his nephew Amphitryon, went on an expedition to northwestern Greece, and Helius settled in the Echinades. [167]
Helius had founded Helos in Argolis, but it was an expedition in search of new lands. [168]
In 1237 BC, Taphius, son of Helius, migrated from the Echinades to an island near the Leucas Peninsula and founded Taphos. [169]
In 1225 BC, Meges, son of Phyleus, migrated from Dulichium in Cephallenia to the largest island of the Echinades and founded Dulichium. [170]
11 Icos
In 1245 BC, Staphylus, son of Minos' daughter Ariadne, colonized the island of Icos from Naxos. [171]
12 Imbros
In 1431 BC, the Ideaan Dactyls and Cabeiri migrated from Troas to Lemnos, Imbros and Samothrace. [172]
The Idaean Dactyls visited the island for exploration, and the Cabeiri to spread their faith.
In 1236 BC, the Minyans living in Iolcus started a civil war and were expelled from Thessaly and moved to Lemnos and Imbros. [173]
The Minyans were sailing to Colchis, while Lemnos and Imbros were located on the shortest route from Thessaly to the Strait of Hellespontos.
In 1115 BC, the Pelasgians were expelled from Athens by the Athenians and moved to Imbros. [174]
The Minyans, driven from the island by the Pelasgians, migrated to Laconia along with the Minyans of Lemnos. [175]
13 Ithaca
In 1277 BC, Ithacus, Neritus, and Polyctor, the three sons of Pterelas, son of Deioneus, migrated from Cephallenia to the island of Ithaca, pursued by Cephalus, son of Deion. [176]
They were the Teleboans, who were indigenous to Cephallenia.
The sons of Pterelas founded the town Ithaca on the island of Ithaca. [177]
In 1256 BC, Chalcomedusa, daughter of Ithacus, married Arcesius (or Arcisius), son of Cephalus, who lived in Cephallenia. [178]
Arcesius' mother, Euryodeia, was the sister of Ithacus, and Chalcomedusa and Arcesius are presumed to be cousins. [179]
In 1237 BC, an expedition led by Heracles went to Thesprotia. [180]
Arcesius (or Arcisius), son of Cephalus, who lived in Cephallenia, also joined the expedition and fought against the Teleboans, driving them out from the island of Ithaca. [181]
In 1236 BC, Laertes, son of Arcesius, took as his wife Antilia, daughter of Autolycus, who lived near Mount Parnassus. [182]
Blood ties made it possible for Laertes to marry a girl who lived near Mount Parnassus, far from the island of Ithaca, where Laertes lived.
The father of Cephalus, the father of Arcesius, the father of Laertes, was Pandion, the eighth king of Athens.
Also, the father of Philonis (or Chione), mother of Autolycus, father of Antilia, was also Pandion.
In other words, Laertes and Antilia were second cousins.
A son, Odysseus, was born to Laertes and Anticlia. [183]
In 1220 BC, Laertes, son of Arcesius, led the Cephallenians to capture Nericus on the Leucas Peninsula. [184]
In 1237 BC, driven out by Heracles' expedition, Oebalus, son of Telon, led the Teleboans from Acarnania to Capreae (near Neapolis) on the west coast of the Italian peninsula. [185]
It is thought that the Teleboans, who were hostile to the descendants of Cephalus, still remained on the Leucas Peninsula.
In 1188 BC, Odysseus, son of Laertes, led the inhabitants of Ithaca and surrounding islands on an expedition to Troy. [186]
14 Lemnos
14.1 Emigration of Idaean Dactyls and Cabeiri
In 1431 BC, the Ideaan Dactyls and Cabeiri migrated from Troas to Lemnos, Imbros and Samothrace. [187]
The Idaean Dactyls visited the island for exploration, and the Cabeiri to spread their faith.
14.2 Emigration to Italy
In 1318 BC, the Hittite king Mursili II conquered Arzawa, including Lydia. [188]
The Maeonians, led by Tyrrhenus, son of Atys, migrated from Lydia to the western coast region of the Italian peninsula. [189]
However, there was an 18-year time lag in the migration of Tyrrhenus, and based on the following facts, it is assumed that they had settled in Lemnos for a while.
1) The island in the Sea of Tyrrhenia (now Elba) was called Aethalia, the old name of Lemnos. [190]
2) Pliny writes that there were four labyrinths in the ancient world; in addition to Egypt and Crete, there were labyrinths in Lemnos and Etruria. [191]
3) Lemnos was also called Tyrhenia. [192]
In 1300 BC, Tyrrhenus, son of Atys, migrated with the Maeonians to the western coast of the Italian peninsula. [193]
They are presumed to have been accompanied by the Ideaan Dactyls who lived on Lemnos.
The Idaean Dactyls crossed to Aethalia in the Tyrrhenian Sea and discovered copper mines. [194]
After the island's mines were depleted of copper, they also began producing iron ore. [195]
14.3 Emigration from Crete
In 1250 BC, Ariadne's son Thoas migrated from Naxos to Lemnos. [196]
Thoas had a daughter, Hypsipyle. [197]
Hypsipyle married Pronax, son of Talaus, who lived in Nemea. [198]
14.4 Emigration from Thessaly
In 1236 BC, the Minyans living in Iolcus started a civil war and were expelled from Thessaly and moved to Lemnos and Imbros. [199]
The Minyans were sailing to Colchis, while Lemnos and Imbros were located on the shortest route from Thessaly to the Strait of Hellespontos.
14.5 Emigration from Argolis
In 1190 BC, Euneus, son of Hypsipyle, migrated from Nemea to Lemnos. [200]
Euneus is presumed to have been sent as ruler of the island by Agamemnon, who intended to make Lemnos a supply base for the Trojan expeditionary force. Euneus' grandfather Thoas was the ruler of Lemnos. [201]
Agamemnon spread the rumor that Euneus was the son of Jason and Hypsipyle in order to get the Minyans living in Lemnos to follow him. [202]
14.6 Emigration from Athens
In 1115 BC, the Pelasgians were expelled from Athens and migrated to Lemnos. [203]
The Pelasgians were allowed to live there and worked hard to build the walls of Athens and cultivate the land, but the Athenians became jealous of them and drove them out. [204]
14.6.1 Sintians
The Pelasgians had a grudge against the Athenians, and plundered the maidens from Brauron in Attica and brought them back to Lemnos. [205]
From then on, the inhabitants of Lemnos became known as Sintians, which means "sinesthai" (to harm). [206]
Strabo writes that the Thracians of Thrace went to Lemnos and became known as Sintians. [207]
Strabo appears to have understood this after receiving information from Homer and Thucydides.
Homer speaks of the Sintians as the natives of Lemnos. [208]
Thucydides writes that the Sintians lived in near Paeonia. [209]
However, Strabo knows the opposite, and it seems that the Pelasgians, called Sintians in Lemnos, migrated to the vicinity of Paeonia via the Chalcidice Peninsula.
14.6.2 The stele of Kaminia
It is assumed that the makers of the stele of Kaminia, which was discovered in Lemnos, were people who immigrated to Lemnos through the following process. I can think of two ways.
14.6.2.1 Emigrants from Athens
In 1560 BC, the Pelasgians, led by Larisa, daughter of Pelasgus son of Triopas, migrated from Argos to Thessaly. [210]
In 1390 BC, the Pelasgians living in Thessaly migrated to the Italian peninsula. [211]
In 1300 BC, the Pelasgians living on the Italian peninsula migrated to Sicily. [212]
In 1240 BC, the Pelasgians living in Sicily migrated to Acarnania. [213]
In 1188 BC, the Pelasgians living in Acarnania migrated to Boeotia and settled in Coroneia. [214]
In 1126 BC, the Pelasgians living in Boeotia migrated to Athens. [215]
In 1115 BC, the Pelasgians living in Athens migrated to Lemnos. [216]
After that, the Pelasgians continued to live in Lemnos for 620 years.
In 495 BC, the Pelasgians living in Lemnos migrated to the Chalcidice peninsula and settled in Cleonae, Olophyxis, Acrothoi, Dium, Thyssus. [217]
Afterwards, it is assumed that the Pelasgians migrated to areas near Scyros and Paeonia. [218]
This suggests that the makers of the stele were Pelasgians who learned a language similar to the Etruscan language during the 90 years starting in 1390 BC.
Alternatively, it is assumed that they were a people who spoke a language similar to the Etruscan language and migrated to Lemnos with the Pelasgians.
14.6.2.2 Emigrants from Italy
In 1300 BC, the Maeonians (Pelasgians) who migrated from Lemnos to the west coast region of the Italian peninsula with Tyrhenus, son of Atys, became known as the Tyrrhenians. [219]
After the migration of Tyrrhenus, there seems to have been trade between Lemnos and the western coast of the Italian peninsula, as well as migration of the Tyrrhenians to Lemnos.
The Pelasgians ruled Lemnos for 620 years until they were overthrown by Miltiades, son of Cimon.
It is assumed that the inhabitants of Lemnos were called Sintians not only because of the events of Brauron, but also because they practiced piracy like the Tyrrhenians. [220]
When the Aeolians and Ionians colonized Asia Minor, Lemnos was not included.
The Sintians of Lemnos were an unruly people.
In this case, the makers of the stele were presumed to have been Tyrhenians (Pelasgians).
14.7 Emigration to Laconia
In 1115 BC, the Minyans living in Lemnos were chased by the Pelasgians and migrated to Laconia. [221]
Tisamenus, son of Orestes, king of the Lacedaemonians, accepted the Minyans on the ground that they were descendants of those who took part in the expeditions of the Argonauts with the Dioscuri. [222]
Dioscuri were the brothers of Helen, mother of Hermione, mother of Tisamenus. [223]
14.7.1 Philonomus
Among the Minyans who emigrated at this time was Philonomus. [224]
Philonomus became close to Tisamenus, and upon the return of the Heracleidae, he made secret deals with them and persuaded Tisamenus to move to Achaia. [225]
After Tisamenus left, Laconia was assigned to Eurysthenes and Procles. [226]
Philonomus was entrusted with Amyclae by them. [227]
14.7.2 Descendants of Leukophanes
Among the Minyans who migrated at this time were descendants of Leukophanes. [228]
Leukophanes was the son of Euphemus, son of Theiodamas (or Theodamas) of Dryopes, and Lamache. [229]
The descendants of Leukophanes were accepted by the Lacedaemonians, joined the Theras emigrants, and settled in Thera. [230]
Battus, son of Polymnestus, the 17th generation descended from Euphemus, led a colony from Thera to Libya and founded Cyrene. [231]
14.8 Emigration to Chalcidice
In 495 BC, the Pelasgians living in Lemnos, chased by Miltiades, son of Cimon, migrated to the Chalcidice peninsula and settled in Cleonae, Olophyxis, Acrothoi, Dium, Thyssus. [232]
After this, some of the Pelasgians, who settled in five towns, crossed over to Scyros. [233]
It is also assumed that some Pelasgians migrated to nearby Paeonia.
In 429 BC, next to the Paeonians lived the Sintians. [234]
Strabo writes that the Sintians of Thracia settled in Lemnos, but it appears to be the other way around. [235]
15 Lesbos
15.1 Emigration from Argos
In 1560 BC, Xanthus, son of Triopas, settled Lesbos from Argos. At that time, the island was uninhabited and was called Issa. The island became known as Pelasgia. [236]
15.2 Emigration from Rhodes
In 1415 BC, Erysichthon's son Macar migrated from Rhodes to Lesbos. [237]
The Macar migration was caused by a sibling dispute among the sons of Erysichthon, called the Heliadae. [238]
15.3 Emigration from Peloponnesus
In 1390 BC, Lesbos was devastated by a massive tsunami. [239]
In 1389 BC, Macareus, son of Aeolus, who lived in Olenus, led an immigrant group that included Ionians and Pelasgians to Pelasgia. [240]
The Ionians were the people who lived in Achaia and were affected by the tsunami, and the Pelasgians were the people who were driven from Thessaly by the sons of Deucalion. [241]
15.4 Emigration to the islands
Macareus expanded his sphere of influence by emigrating his sons to neighboring islands, and Pelasgia became known as Macareus' home. [242]
In 1370 BC Macareus' eldest son settled in Chios. [243]
In 1370 BC, Macareus' son Cydrolaus settled in Samos. [244]
In 1340 BC, Macareus' son Leucippus settled in Rhodes. [245]
In 1340 BC, Macareus' son Neandrus settled in Cos. [246]
15.5 Marriage to Ozolian Locris
In 1356 BC, Amphissa, daughter of Macareus, married Oineus, son of Phytius, who lived in Amphissa of Ozolian Locris. [247]
Macareus was the son of Protogenia, sister of Orestheus, father of Phytius, father of Oineus. [248]
In other words, Amphissa was Oineus' second cousin.
15.6 Emigration from Thessaly
In 1340 BC, Lesbos, son of Lapithus, led a group of immigrants from Thessaly to Lesbos, where he married Macareus' daughter Methyma. [249]
15.7 Age of Trojan War
In 1188 BC, Phorbas, an ally of Troy, was attacked and killed by Achilles, and his daughter Diomedea was taken prisoner. [250]
Ilioneus, son of Phorbas, was slain by Peneleos in battle at Ilium. [251]
15.8 Colonization by Achaeans
In 1126 BC, Penthilus, son of Orestes, set sail from the port of Aulis in Boeotia, captured and colonized Lesbos. [252]
In 1055 BC, Archelaus' son Gras campaigned as far as the Granicus River, recaptured Lesbos, and took possession of Aeolis between Mysia and Ionia. [253]
The wife of Hypsipylus' brother Helicaon, who was killed by Achilles at Lesbos, was Laodice, daughter of Priam. The inhabitants of Lesbos had strong ties to the Trojans and are thought to have fiercely resisted the Achaeans. [254]
16 Leucas
In 1390 BC, Teleboas, son of Therapne, daughter of Lelex, migrated from Therapne in Laconia to Acarnania. [255]
Teleboas had 22 sons, some of whom lived in Leucas. [256]
Leucas, settled by the son of Teleboas, was not an island, but a peninsula. [257]
It is estimated that the Teleboans first settled on the Leucas Peninsula around 1365 BC.
In 1220 BC, Arcesius' son Laertes led the Cephallenians to capture Nericus on the Leucas Peninsula. [258]
It is assumed that Nericus was home to the descendants of the sons of Teleboas, son of Therapne. [259]
In 657 BC, Leucas became an island when the Corinthians settled on the Leucas Peninsula and separated it from the mainland. [260]
17 Melos
After the fall of Ilium in 1186 BC, Menestheus, the 11th king of Athens, tried to return to Athens, but was chased back by Theseus' son Demophon and moved to Melos.
In 1181 BC, Menestheus died at Melos. [261]
In 1070 BC, a group of immigrants led by Apodasmos settled Melos. [262]
Apodasmos is thought to be the son of Philonomus, who acquired Amyclae through a backroom deal with the Heracleidae. [263]
Herodotus and Thucydides describe the inhabitants of Melos as colonists from Lacedaemon. [264]
18 Naxos
18.1 The first Greek
The first Greek known at Naxos, who was called Strongyle, was Butes, son of Boreas. [265]
Boreas was the twin brother of Erechtheus, the sixth king of Athens, and is thought to have been the son of Butes, who became a priest of Athens. [266]
The Boreas lived inland, across from the Samothrace. [267]
18.2 Abduction from Boeotia
In 1320 BC, Butes' successor, Agassamenus, abducted Aloeus' wife Iphimedeia and his daughter Pancratis and took them to the island. [268]
Iphimedeia's husband was Aloeus, son of Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, who migrated from Sicyon to Anthedon. [269]
18.3 Emigration from Boeotia
Iphimedeia's two sons, Otus and Ephialtes, invaded Strongyle, rescued her mother and sister Pancratis, captured the island, and renamed it Dia. [270]
Dia was the name of the god worshiped at Sicyon. [271]
They brought Dionysus rituals and viticulture to the island.
18.4 Emigration from Asia Minor
In 1285 BC, Naxos, son of Polemon, immigrated to the island from Latmia near Miletus in Asia Minor and changed its name to Naxos. [272]
Polemon, the father of Naxos, is presumed to be the son of Miletus, the son of Asterios, the son of Minos, the son of Europa. It is presumed that Naxos immigrated after being entrusted with Naxos by Minos.
At a time when Minos of Crete is expanding his control by expelling the Carians from the islands of the Aegean Sea, it seems impossible to miss the largest island of the Cyclades.
18.5 Marriage from Crete
In 1278 BC, Ariadne, daughter of Minos, married Oenarus, a priest of Dionysus of Naxos. [273]
Oenarus was a priest of Dionysus, and may be the son of Otus or Ephialtes. Later, Phliasus (or Phlias), the son of Oenarus and Ariadne, succeeded Phlius, who had no successor, so Oenarus is presumed to be a descendant of Sisyphus, the founder of Sicyon. [274]
18.6 Emigration to Lemnos
In 1250 BC, Ariadne's son Thoas migrated from Naxos to Lemnos. [275]
18.7 Emigration to Chios
In 1250 BC, Ariadne's son Oenopion migrated from Naxos to Chios. [276]
18.8 Expedition to Peloponnesus
In 1250 BC, Oenarus and Ariadne went on an expedition to Peroponessus to spread the rituals of Dionysus. [277]
The expedition included the daughters of Oenarus and the daughters of Leucippus, son of Naxos. [278]
It was Melampus, son of Amythaon, of Argos who invited them. [279]
Ariadne died during the journey and was buried at Argos. [280]
The tomb of Chorea, who was part of the expedition, was also in Argos. She is presumed to be Chorea, the daughter of Leucippus. [281]
18.9 Emigration to Peparethos
In 1245 BC, Ariadne's son Staphylus migrated from Naxos to the island of Peparethos, north of Euboea. [282]
Staphylus' wife Chrysothemis was the winner of the competition to sing the Pythian Apollon hymn. [283]
Chrysothemis' father Carmanor lived in Tarrha in southwestern Crete. [284]
18.10 Emigration to Caria
In 1240 BC, Enyeus, son of Ariadne, migrated from Naxos to Cyrnus, across from Rhodes. [285]
During the Trojan War, Enyeus sided with Troy, and Cyrnus was attacked by Achilles, where Enyeus was killed and his daughter Iphis was taken prisoner. [286]
19 Paros
In 1430 BC, some people migrated to Paros, an island south of Delos, along with Dardanus and the sons of Tegeates. The name Paros is said to have come from Parus, son of Parrhasius, son of Lycaon, and Parus is thought to have joined the migration from Parrhasia in Arcadia. [287]
Paros was conquered by Minos and was briefly called Minoia. [288]
Paros was inhabited by Eurymedon, Nephalion, Chryses, and Philolaus, the sons of Minos, but was destroyed by Heracles. [289]
20 Peparethos
In 1245 BC, Staphylus, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, migrated from Naxos to the island of Peparethos. [290]
Later, Staphylus entrusted the island to his brother Peparethus, and Staphylus himself moved to Bybastus in Caria. [291]
21 Rhodes
21.1 First Resident
The first recorded inhabitants of Rhodes were those who colonized Rhodes from Argos by Triopas, son of Phorbas, son of Criasus, son of Argus, son of Niobe. [292]
Settlement by the Pelasgians is estimated to be 1580 BC.
21.2 Emigration from Crete
Rhodos' mother Halia, the woman who gave the island its current name, was a Telchines. [293]
The Telchines, named after Telchin, son of Europs, son of Aezeius of Aegialeia (later Sicyon), were a tribe that migrated from Peloponnesus to Crete.
It is estimated that Halia's father migrated from Crete to Rhodes, then known as Ophiussa (or Stadia), in 1500 BC. [294]
After the Telchines settled the island, it became known as Telchinis. [295]
21.3 Emigration from Crete
In 1456 BC, Erysichthon migrated from Prasus in eastern Crete to Rhodes. [296]
Erysichthon married Rhodos, daughter of Halia the Telchines, who lived on the island, and they had seven sons. [297]
21.4 Emigration to Lycia
In 1425 BC, a conflict arose between the sons of Erysichthon and the Telchines, who were forced to leave the island. [298]
The Telchines Lycus migrated to Lycia near the Xanthus River. [299]
The island of Telchinis became known as Rhodes, after the mother of Heliadae. [300]
21.5 First major tsunami attack
In 1420 BC, during the time of the sons of Erysichthon, when the Telchines were driven from the island, the island was hit by a great tsunami, leaving a pool of water. The heat of the sun restored the earth to its original state. People identified Erysichthon with Helios, and his sons were called Heliadae (or Heliads). [301]
21.6 Occurrence of internal conflict
In 1415 BC, in a dispute between the sons of Erysichthon, Tenages was killed, leaving Ochimus and Cercaphus behind, and the other sons emigrated from the island.
21.6.1 Emigration to Lesbos
Macar, son of Erysichthon, migrated to Lesbos. [302]
Lesbos was devastated by a massive tsunami in 1390 BC. [303]
21.6.2 Emigration to Cos
Candalus, son of Erysichthon, migrated to Cos. [304]
21.6.3 Emigration to Egypt
Auges (or Actis, Actics, Atlas), son of Erysichthon, emigrated from Rhodes to Egypt and founded Heliopolis. [305]
Auges imparted the knowledge of the stars to Maceris, who was called the Egyptian Heracles or Phoenician Heracles. [306]
21.6.4 Emigration to Caria
Triopas, the son of Erysichthon, fled to Melisseus of Cheronesus in Caria. [307]
Melisseus is estimated to be one of the five Curetes who migrated from Crete to Cherronesus. [308]
In 1410 BC, Triopas helped Chthonius, son of Ialysus' daughter Syme, settle the uninhabited Metapontis (later Syme). [309]
In 1390 BC, Triopas assisted the sons of Deucalion in expelling the Pelasgians from Thessaly and was given the plains of Dotium. [310]
In 1388 BC, due to conflicts with the natives, Triopas returned to Cheronesus in Caria and founded Triopium. [311]
Triopium was located on a promontory on the outskirts of what later became Cnidus. [312]
A statue of Triopas was made as the founder of Cnidus, and the statue was later dedicated to Delphi. [313]
21.7 Second major tsunami hits
In 1390 BC, during the time of the three sons of Cercaphus, another great tsunami struck Rhodes. [314]
In 1389 BC, Lindus, Ialysus, and Cameirus, the three sons of Cercaphus, founded three towns and named them after the land recovered from the tsunami. [315]
21.8 Emigration from Lesbos
In 1340 BC, Macareus' son Leucippus migrated from Lesbos to Rhodes. [316]
21.9 Emigration from Thessaly
In 1320 BC, Phorbas, son of Lapithes, migrated from Thessaly to Rhodes. [317]
According to legend, Phorbas was called by the Rhodians to slay snakes according to an oracle. However, in reality, the settlers were brought in from the same tribes due to conflicts with the indigenous people.
The person who invited Phorbas to Rhodes was Leucippus, the son of Macareus, and he and Phorbas were cousins whose grandfather was Aeolus, the son of Hippotes.
21.10 Emigration from Argolis
In 1213 BC, Tlepolemus, son of Heracles, migrated to Rhodes.
After the death of Eurystheus of Mycenae, Tlepolemus returned to Argolis as a member of the Heracleidae led by Hyllus. The Heracleidae then returned to Attica, but Tlepolemus remained with his grandmother's brother Licymnius. When Licymnius died, Tlepolemus led the Tirynthians and migrated to Rhodes.
Tlepolemus is said to have founded three towns in Rhodes, which had the same names as the towns founded by the sons of Cercaphus. [318]
21.11 Emigration from Argos
In 1070 BC, Althaemenes, son of Ceisus, son of Temenus, led the Dorians and Pelasgians from Argos and colonized Crete, after which Althaemenes himself settled in Rhodes. [319]
The Dorians in the Althaemene emigrant group also included Dorians who lived in Megara. [320]
The rulers of Rhodes were the Telchines, the Heliadae, the Phoenicians, and then the Carians, who were replaced by the Dorians. [321]
Cleobulus of Lindos of Rhodes, one of the seven wise men of Greece, is presumed to be a descendant of Althaemenes. [322]
21.12 Emigration to Sicily
In 688 BC, Antiphemus led the Lindians from Rhodes and migrated to southeastern Sicily, where he founded Gela. [323]
Entimus, son of Craton, led the Cretans and participated in founding Gela. [324]
Gelo's ancestor Telines also participated in the founding of Gela from the island of Telos northwest of Rhodes. [325]
22 Samothrace
22.1 Emigration from Arcadia
In 1430 BC, a prolonged flood occurred in central Arcadia, and Dardanus, son of Electra, daughter of Orchomenus, son of Lycaon, was also affected. Dardanus' residence appears to be Methydrium, founded by his grandfather Orchomenus. The Methydrium was located on a small hill between the Maloetas and Mylaon rivers, which flow at an altitude of about 1,000 meters. [326]
Dardanus left half of the population with one of his sons, Deimas, and Dardanus himself led the rest of the population, leaving the Peloponnesus peninsula and heading north across the Aegean Sea. Dardanus settled in Samothrace, off the coast of Melas Gulf, just before the Straits of Hellespontos. [327]
Dardanus' mother's sister Alcyone also joined Dardanus's emigrant party, along with her husband Megassares, their two sons, Hyperenor, Hyrieus, and his daughter Pharnace. [328]
Dardanus' brother Iasion (or Iasus) married Cybele. [329]
Cybele was one of the Cabeiri who had immigrated to Troas from Crete some time earlier. Cybele, along with the prospecting Idaean Dactyls, crossed from Troas to Samothrace to spread the Cabeiri cult.
22.2 Visiting Cadmus
In 1425 BC, Agenor's son Cadmus led a group of immigrants to Samothrace, where he married Dardanus' sister Harmonia. [330]
The Megassares family joined the Cadmus emigrants who migrated to Boeotia and founded Hyria. [331]
Megassares' two sons, Hyrieus and Hyperenor, became the second most powerful Sparti after Cadmus. [332]
22.3 Emigration to Troas
In 1420 BC, a great tsunami struck Samothrace, killing Dardanus' wife Chryse and his brother Iasion. [333]
Dardanus left the island with Cybele and her son Corybas and went to the mainland, where he founded Dardanus at the foot of Mount Ida in Troas. [334]
When Dardanus went to Troas, there was Teucrus, king of the Teucrians (or Gergis), who had immigrated from Crete some time before. Dardanus remarried Teucrus' daughter Bateia and became Teucrus' successor, and the founder of the kingdom of Troy. [335]
It was Cybele who led Dardanus to Troas. She was inhabited by people who migrated with her from Crete.
Cybele and Corybas lived on Mount Ida, Cybele was worshiped as a goddess, and Corybas passed on her dances, calling those who celebrated her mother's rituals Corybantes. [336]
22.4 Emigration from Samos
In 1065 BC, the Ephesians, led by Androclus, invaded the island because the inhabitants of Samos were plotting against the Ionians. Some of the inhabitants of Samos migrated to Samothrace. [337]
22.5 Emigration to Thracia
In 1060 BC, some of the Samians of Samothrace founded Perinthus on the northern coast of the Propontis Sea. [338]
After that, up to the time of Darius I, the Paeonians living in the Strymon basin captured Perinthus. [339]
22.6 Emigration to Samos
In 1055 BC, the exiles from Samos drove the Ephesians from Samos and reclaimed the island. [340]
23 Sciathos
The Pelasgians of Thrace came and settled in Scyros. [341]
In 495 BC, the Pelasgians of Lemnos, chased by Miltiades, son of Cimon, migrated to the Chalcidice peninsula. [342]
It is assumed that the Pelasgians migrated from the Chalcidice Peninsula to Sciathos shortly thereafter. [343]
24 Seriphus
In 1343 BC, Perseus, son of Danae, killed his grandfather's brother Proetus and fled to Seriphus, where he received protection from Dictys and his wife Clymene. [344]
According to Apollodorus, Dictys and his brother Polydectes founded Seriphus. [345]
The genealogy shows that it was founded around the same time that Perseus killed Proetus.
Polydectes and Dictys are presumed to have assisted Perseus in killing Proetus and fleeing with Perseus to Seriphus. [346]
They were relatives whose ancestors were the daughters of Danaus.
Dictys was the son of Peristhenes, son of Damastor, son of Nauplius, son of Amymone, daughter of Danaus. [347]
Perseus was the son of Danae, the daughter of Acrisius, the son of Abas, the son of Hypermnestra, the daughter of Danaus.
In 1332 BC, Perseus returned from Seriphus to Peloponnesus and captured Tiryns. [348]
Pausanias reports that although Perseus is worshiped as a hero in various places, Seriphus is the most grandly worshiped. [349]
25 Syme
In 1410 BC, Chthonius, son of Syme, daughter of Ialysus, settled with Triopas in the uninhabited Metapontis (later Syme). [350]
Chthonius was a cousin of Triopas, son of Erysichthon, and it is assumed that he and Triopas emigrated from Rhodes to Cheronesus in Caria, and from there settled in Syme.
In 1188 BC, Nireus, son of Charops and Aglaia, a descendant of Chthonius, led an expedition with Agamemnon to Troy with three ships. This is the smallest number of ships in Homer's inventory of warships. Nireus was the second most beautiful man in the expeditionary force after Achilles, and is thought to have been a celebrity at the time. [351]
However, Nireus was killed by Aeneas and never returned to the island. [352]
After the Trojan War, Syme was occupied by the Carians, but after a drought the Carians disappeared from the island. [353]
Syme remained uninhabited until an expedition of Lacedaemonians and Argives arrived. [354]
26 Taphos
The Teleboans lived on the Leucas Peninsula, but they also probably lived in nearby Taphos. [355]
In 1237 BC, Taphius, son of Helius, migrated from the Echinades to an island near the Leucas Peninsula and founded Taphos. [356]
Anchialus, son of Taphius, took part in the Trojan expedition and was defeated by Hector. [357]
Taphos was inherited by Mentes, the son of Anchialus. [358]
27 Tenedos
In 1200 BC, Tenes, the son of Cycnus, moved to Leucophrys off the coast of Troas and renamed the island Tenedos. Cycnus was the son of Calyce, daughter of Hecato, and ruled Colonae, south of Ilium. [359]
In 1188 BC, Agamemnon raided the island to use Tenedos as a forward base, as it was close to Troy on the mainland, at least 5km away. [360]
Tenes was defeated by Achilles, and the island's inhabitants were forced to migrate to Tenea (or Genea), on the Peloponnesus peninsula, between Corinth and Mycenae. [361]
About 10 km west of Tenea was Cleonae, where Agamemnon was born and raised. [362]
Euneus of Lemnos was in charge of transporting the inhabitants of Tenedos. Euneus was a native of Nemea, near Tenea. [363]
Most of the immigrants to Syracuse, founded in Sicily in 750 BC, led by Archias, one of the Heracleidae of Corinth, were residents of Tenea. [364]
In 1148 BC, an expedition led by Orestes, son of Agamemnon, visited Tenedos, which was largely uninhabited after the Trojan War. Peisander of Amyclae settled the island and founded Tenedos. [365]
Peisander's maternal grandfather was Melanippus, a defender of Thebes. [366]
The 4th century BC historian Nymphodorus described Tenedos as an island of beauties in his Circumnavigation of Asia. [367]
28 Thasus
In 1400 BC, Thasus, son of Cilix, son of Agenor, settled on the island of Thasus from Thebe near Mount Ida. [368]
Thasus' migration was for the purpose of mining gold on the island. [368-1]
Herodotus notes that there were five generations between the settlement of Thasus and the birth of Amphitryon's son Heracles. [369]
Thasus was a contemporary of Polydorus, son of Cilix's brother Cadmus.
Heracles was a contemporary of Oedipus, the son of Laius, the son of Labdacus, the son of Polydorus.
So, from Thasus to Heracles there are only three generations. However, based on the estimated age, one generation lasts 25 years. At the time of Herodotus, there may have been a much older chronicle than that written by the 2nd century BC chronicler Castor of Rhodes.
In 1375 BC, Galepsus, the son of Thasus, migrated from the island of Thasus to the mainland and founded Galepsus. [370]
Galepsus' migration was for the purpose of mining gold in Scapte-Hyle. [370-1] The 5th century BC historian, Thucydides, had a gold mining claim in Scapte-Hyle, where he was assassinated. [370-2]
29 Thera
In 1425 BC, a group of immigrants led by Cadmus, son of Agenor, stopped at Calliste (later Thera) and settled the island with a people led by Membliarus, son of Poeciles. [371]
In 1099 BC, Theras, son of Autesion, led a group of immigrants from Sparta to Calliste. [372]
At that time, the island was inhabited by descendants of those who had broken away from the Cadmus emigrants and settled on the island. [373]
They accepted Theras as their leader and the island became known as Thera. [374]
The Theras emigrants were composed of the Lacedaemonians and some of the Minyans who had fled from Lemnos to Laconia, chased by the Pelasgians. [375]
The two kings of Sparta, Eurysthenes and Procles, were at odds with each other, but when it came to colonizing Theras they cooperated and supported each other. [376]
Theras was their uncle and guardian. [377]
In 630 BC, Battus, son of Polymnestus, led a group of immigrants from Thera to Libya and founded Cyrene. [378]
Chionis, a Lacedaemonian who won the Olympiad's single-stade race four times and the double-stade race three times, helped build Cyrene. [379]
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