1 Introdoction
In 1580 BC, Hellen's father, Deucalion's grandfather, moved north from Boeotia under pressure from other tribes. Deucalion founded Pyrrha (later Melitaea) near the source of the Enipeus River, which flows from the south into the Peneius River in northern Thessaly. [1]
Deucalion had two sons, Hellen and Amphictyon. [2]
When Hellen came of age, he founded Hellas near the opposite bank of the Enipeus River.
In 1511 BC, Hellen resettled with his father in Pyrrha due to a great flood. [3]
Hellen ruled Phthiotis, and the people there were called Hellenes or Hellas. [4]
2 Birth of Dorians
Hellen had three sons, Aeolus, Xuthus, and Dorus. [5]
The descendants of Hellen grew in power, and Aeolus became the progenitor of Aeolis and Dorus the progenitor of Dorians.
The two sons of Xuthus, Achaeus, became the founders of the Achaeans and Ion the founder of the Ionians. [6]
In 1460 BC, Dorus migrated from his father in Phthiotis down the Enipeus River to the north of its confluence with the Peneius River. The region became known as Doris. [7]
In 1420 BC, a large group of Cadmus and Thracians moved south from Thracia and invaded Thessaly. Dorus, who lived in Doris, led his clan to the south and settled in Dryopis, between the Oeta and Parnassus mountains in central Greece. [8]
The region later became known as Doris. [9]
3 Tectamus, son of Dorus
3.1 Emigration to Dryopis
Tectamus, the son of Dorus, son of Hellen, was born in Doris, north of Thessaly. [10]
Tectamus married a daughter of his paternal cousin, Cretheus, son of Aeolus, and they had a son, Asterius. [11]
In 1420 BC, Tectamus moved with his father Dorus to Dryopis, between Mount Oeta and Mount Parnassus. [12]
3.2 Emigration to Crete
Tectamus then led the Dorians, as well as the Aeolians and Pelasgians, to migrate to Crete. [13]
Displaced by the migration of Danaus to Argos and the subsequent migration of large groups of Cadmus and Thracians, large numbers of people wished to migrate to Crete. [14]
The Dorians, led by Tectamus, settled near Cnossus in eastern Crete. [15]
The Pelasgians appear to have settled near Hierapytna in southeastern Crete. Larisa was there. [16]
The Dorians, who migrated from Dryopis with Tectamus, settled in the eastern part of the island. [17]
3.3 Asterius, son of Tectamus
Asterius, son of Tectamus, stopped at Cydonia on his voyage and married Europa, daughter of Phoenix. [18]
Europa had a son, Minos, with her ex-husband. Asterius died childless and was succeeded by Europa's son Minos. [19]
3.4 Peneius, possibly the son of Tectamus
Diodorus tells us that Peneius' daughter Stilbe became the ancestor of the Lapiths and Centaurs. [20]
This suggests that Stilbe was the wife of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and that Peneius was a contemporary of Hippotes.
Peneius is said to have given his name to the Peneius River in Thessaly, so it is assumed that Peneius lived near the Peneius River. [21]
Peneius was the son of Tectamus, son of Dorus, and seems to have remained in Doris rather than emigrating to Dryopis with his father.
Peneius had his son Hypseus and three daughters, Stilbe, Iphis (or Iphys), and Tricca. [22]
3.4.1 Hypseus, son of Peneius
Hypseus succeeded his father and lived near the Peneius River, and he had a daughter Astyaguia.
Astyaguia married Periphas, son of Lapithus, who ruled near the Peneius River. [23]
3.4.2 Stilbe, daughter of Peneius
Stilbe married Aeolus, son of Hippotes of Arne. [24]
3.4.3 Iphis, daughter of Peneius
Iphis also married Aeolus, son of Hippotes of Arne. [25]
3.4.4 Tricca, daughter of Peneius
Tricca migrated west from Doris and founded the town, which was named Tricca. [26]
Deimachus, father of Phlogius and Deileon (or Demoleon), participants in the Argonauts' expedition, appears to be a descendant of Tricca. [27]
4 Deucalion, son of Dorus
Dorus, son of Hellen, is said to have had only one son, Tectamus, but it is thought that he also had a son named Deucalion. That is, Deucalion, the father of those who drove the Pelasgians out of Thessaly after the great BC 1390 tsunami. [28]
In 1420 BC, Deucalion migrated with his father Dorus from Doris, north of Thessaly, to Dryopis, between Mount Oeta and Mount Parnassus. [29]
In 1415 BC, Deucalion moved east from Dryopis to the coast and moved south-east, near the land where Opus was later founded. [30]
Deucalion had four sons, Marathonius, Amphictyon, Pronous, and Orestheus, and two daughters, Protogenia and Thyia. [31]
4.1 Marathonius, son of Deucalion
In 1407 BC, Marathonius joined Argos in the war against Sicyon and took as his wife Chrysorthe, daughter of Orthopolis of Sicyon. [32]
The royal line of Sicyon beginning with Marathonius, as reported by the 2nd century BC chronicler Castor, was nominal. [33]
The people who essentially ruled Sicyon were the descendants of Sisyphus, son of Aeolus. [34]
4.2 Amphictyon, son of Deucalion
In 1410 BC, Amphictyon moved northwest from his father Deucalion near the coast near Thermopylae and founded Antheia (or Anthela). [35]
Amphictyon and his wife Chthonopatra had two sons, Itonus and Aetolus. [36]
4.2.1 Itonus, son of Amphictyon
4.2.1.1 Founding of Itonus
In 1392 BC, Itonus migrated from Locris to the west coast of the Pagasetic Gulf at Thessaly and founded Itonus. [37]
Some time before, Athamas, son of Aeolus, a kinsman, had founded Halus near Itonus. [38]
Itonus was the son of Amphictyon, son of Deucalion, son of Dorus, brother of Aeolus, father of Athamas. Thus, Athamas was a cousin of Itonus' grandfather.
4.2.1.2 Melanippe, wife of Itonus
Itonus took as his wife Melanippe, daughter of Aeolus, from Arne on the banks of the Cuarius River, about 60 km west-northwest of Itonus. [39]
In 1390 BC, a great tsunami struck the coastal towns of Pelasgians in Thessaly, and Halus, on the shores of the Pagasetic Gulf, was washed away by the tsunami. [40]
Itonus was a little inland, so it was spared from the tsunami, but the homeless Pelasgians attacked Itonus. Melanippe, the wife of Itonus, was taken away as the spoil of Dius of the Pelasgians. [41]
Melanippe was abducted, and together with the Pelasgians led by Dius, they headed west through Dodona and took them to the Italian peninsula. [42]
Melanippe was taken to Metapontium in the southern part of the Italian peninsula, where his two sons, Boeotus and Aeolus, were born. [43]
The following are examples of sons born to daughters who were prisoners of war.
Tydeus, the son of Oeneus and Periboea, Tlepolemus, the son of Heracles and Astyoche, Cleodaeus, the son of Hyllus and Iole, Amphilochus, the son of Alcmaeon and Manto, Thestius, the son of Pleuron and Xanthippe, etc. [44]
4.2.1.3 Expulsion of Pelasgians
Itonus' father Amphictyon rallied his people to drive the Pelasgians from Thessaly.
The participating tribes were as follows. [45]
Dorians led by Amphictyon, son of Deucalion
Magnesians near Mount Pelion led by Deimachus, son of Hypseus, son of Aeolus
Phthiotians led by Aeolus, father of the abducted Melanippe
Ionians led by the sons of Ion, son of Xuthus, son of Hellen
Phocians living around Delphi
Locrians who live in the depression between Thermopylae and Opus
Malians, Dolopes, Perrhaiboi, Aenianians of Thessaly
These tribes were later organized as Amphictyons by Acrisius of Argos. [46]
The Pelasgians, chased by Deucalion's son Amphictyon, left Thessaly. [47]
They migrated to Thessaly from Argos in 1560 BC, led by the family of Larisa, daughter of Pelasgus, and lived there for 170 years.
4.2.2 Physcus, son of Aetolus, son of Amphictyon
Aetolus, son of Amphictyon, had a son Physcus. [48]
Physcus lived in Antheia, married Maera, daughter of Proetus, and had a son, Locrus, and a daughter, Thebe. [49]
4.2.2.1 Locrus, son of Physcus
Locrus lived in Antheia, married Cambyse (or Cabye, Protogeneia), and had a son, Opus. [50]
In 1325 BC, Locrus founded Thebes with his stepbrothers Amphion and Zethus. [51]
Locrus was the leader of the Lelegians. [52]
4.2.2.1.1 Opus, son of Locrus
In 1262 BC, Opus migrated from Antheia between Thermopylae and the Straits of Euripus, founded Opus, and had a son, Cynus. [53]
Opus recruited residents from all over the country, with people immigrating from Argos, Thebes, the towns of Arcadia, and Pisa. Among the settlers, Opus respected Menoetius, the son of Actor, the most, and instead of handing over the city to his son Cynus, he made Menoetius succeed him. [54]
4.2.2.1.2 Cynus, son of Opus
In 1260 BC, Cynus settled near Opus, where Dorus' father Deucalion had previously settled, and founded Cynus. [55]
Cynus' daughter Larymna married from Cynus to the town of Boeotia to the east, and the town took her name. [56]
Cynus' son Hodoedocus (or Odoedocus) inherited Cynus, and Hodoedocus passed on to his son Ileus. [57]
In 1250 BC, Ileus' brother Oileus (or Oeleus) migrated westward from Cynus into the interior and founded Narycus. [58]
In 1245 BC, Calliarus, half-brother of Ileus and Oileus, founded Calliarus, named after him, near Cynus. [59]
Ajax (or Aias), the son of Oileus and Rhene, succeeded his father and lived in Narycus, leading the Locrians in the Trojan expedition. [60]
Ajax's brother Medon killed the kin of his stepmother Eriopis and migrated from Narycus to Phylace in Thessaly. Medon then led the Magnesians in an expedition to Troy. [61]
4.2.2.2 Thebe, daughter of Physcus
Thebe married Zethus, son of Eleuther, who founded Eutresis near Thebes, and bore her a son, Neis. [62]
Zethus, together with his twin brother Amphion, attacked and captured Cadmeia, ruled by Lycus, the guardian of Labdacus' son Laius. [63]
Afterwards, Amphion's family died of a plague, Thebe lost his only son Neis due to negligence, and Zethus also died of grief. [64]
The town that Zethus founded below Cadmeia was called Thebes, after Thebe. One of the seven gates of the city was named Neistan Gate, after Neis, the son of Thebe. [65]
The Proetidian gate was also named after Proetus, the father of Maera, the mother of Thebe. [66]
4.3 Pronous, son of Deucalion
In 1390 BC, Pronous, together with his brother Amphictyon, expelled the Pelasgians from Thessaly and settled there. [67]
Dotus, son of Neonus, son of Hellen, son of Pronous, gave his name to Dotion, which was in the plain of Dotium in Thessaly. [68]
The Dotium Plain, where the Pelasgians left, was inhabited by the Perrhaiboi and Aenianians, who lived along the Peneius River. [69]
Pronous lived in Phthia, founded by Phthius, son of Larisa, daughter of Pelasgus, who migrated from Argos to Thessaly. [70]
4.3.1 Neonus, son of Hellen, son of Pronous
Neonus inherited Phthia and took as his wife Eurymedusa, daughter of Cletor (or Clitor), and Dotus and Myrmidon were born. [71]
Descendants of Myrmidon are described separately in "Genealogy of Myrmidons."
4.3.2 Hippocoon, son of Pronous and Hellen
The early 1st century AD writer Hyginus names the father of Nestor's father, Neleus, as Hippocoon. However, Neleus' father was Cretheus, son of Aeolus, and Hippocoon is presumed to have been the name of Cretheus' wife Tyro's ex-husband. [72]
Hippocoon and Tyro's son Amythaon lived in Pylus in Thessaly before moving to Eleia. [73]
Pylus was located in Thessaliotis, near Crannon, founded by Crannon the Pelasgian. [74]
Pylus was founded in 1390 BC after the Pelasgians living in Thessaly were expelled, and its founder is presumed to be Hippocoon.
4.4 Orestheus, son of Deucalion
In 1405 BC, Orestheus emigrated from his father Deucalion to Ozolian Locris. [75]
Orestheus had a son, Phytius. Oineus, son of Phytius, married Amphissa, daughter of Macareus of Olenus of Achaia, and they had a son, Aetolus. [76]
Andraemon, son of Aetolus, married Protogenia, daughter of Calydon, and Oxylus was born. The town where Aetolus lived was called Amphissa, after his mother. [77]
Andraemon, son of Oxylus, married Gorges (or Gorge), daughter of Oeneus of Calydon, and they had a son, Thoas. [78]
Thoas ruled over Calydon and Pleuron, and led the Aetolians in the Trojan expedition.
Oxylus, son of Haemon, son of Thoas, served as a guide for the Heracleidae on their return to Peloponnesus. [79]
Oxylus was therefore a Dorian, tracing his paternal line to Dorus, son of Hellen, but his followers were Epeians. However, the ancestors of both tribes were Hellenes.
4.5 Protogenia, daughter of Deucalion
Protogenia married Aeolus, who lived in Arne of Thessaly. [80]
The three sons of Protogenia, Macareus, Aethlius, and Perieres, were the first Aeolis to settle west of the Peloponnesus peninsula. [81]
4.6 Thyia, daughter of Deucalion
Thyia also married Aeolus, who lived in Arne of Thessaly. [82]
Thyia's two sons, Magnes and Macedon, settled north of Thessaly near Mount Olympus. [83]
And Phylacus, the son of Deion, the son of Thyia, founded Phylace in Thessaly. [84]
5 Macednus, son of Dorus
Tectamus, son of Dorus, moved to Crete, and Deucalion, another son of Dorus, also moved to Locris. [85]
The descendants of Dorus who settled near Mount Parnassus were called Macedni, so it seems likely that the son who succeeded Dorus was Macednus. [86]
The ancestor of Aegimius, son of Dorus, adoptive father of Hyllus, son of Heracles, is presumed to be Macednus. [87]
6 Iphthime, daughter of Dorus
6.1 Iphthime of Doris
After Hellen's son Dorus moved with his family near Mount Parnassus, some people remained at Doris near the Peneius River. Among them was Dorus' daughter, the Iphthime family. The husband of Iphthime is unknown, but it is probable that they were Pelasgians, considering that their descendants were removed from their place of residence near Mount Parnassus by the Dorians, were under the protection of Argos, and were married to a daughter of Danaus.
Iphthime had her three sons, Pherespondos, Lycos, and Pronomos. [88]
6.2 Marriage of the son of Iphthime and the daughter of Danaus
One of Iphthime's sons became the husband of Danaus' daughter Polydore, and they had a son, Dryops. [89]
It is assumed that the following circumstances made possible the long-distance marriage between the son of Iphthime, who lived in the northern part of Thessaly, and Polydore, who lived in Argos.
In 1435 BC, Achaeus, son of Xuthus, returned from Aegialus to Melitaea in Phthiotis of Thessaly. [90]
In 1420 BC, two sons of Achaeus, Archander and Architeles, returned to Aegialus under pressure from the great migration of Cadmus and Thracians. Then they married the daughters of Danaus of Argos. [91]
It is assumed that their marriage united the sons of Polydore and Iphthime.
In 1390 BC, the Pelasgians living in Thessaly were chased by the sons of Deucalion and migrated elsewhere. The Iphthime family settled near the Spercheius River, near where Iphthime's father, Dorus, had settled. [92]
6.3 Dryops, son of Polydore
Dryops lived near Mount Oeta, where his daughter Dryope was born. [93]
Dryope married Andraemon and had a son, Amphissus. [94]
Andraemon was the son of Phytius (or Oxylus), son of Orestheus (or Oreius), who lived in Amphissa of Ozolian Locris. [95]
Orestheus was the son of Deucalion, son of Dorus, son of Hellen. [96]
In other words, Dryope and Andraemon were third cousins, sharing Dorus, son of Hellen.
Amphissus, son of Dryope, daughter of Dryops, founded Oeta near Mount Oeta, and they were called Dryopes (or Dryopians). [97]
7 Help for Dorians by Heracles
7.1 Aegimius, King of the Dorians
Aegimius the son of Dorus was the chief of the Dorians, who lived in Pindus of Doris. [98]
Aegimius appears to have been descended from Dorus, son of Hellen.
Aegimius was also the head of the clan of the Dorians who lived in Hestiaeotis, the birthplace of the Dorians north of Thessaly and formerly known as Doris. [99]
The Dorians, who continued to live in Pindus, were one of the subtribes of Hellas, but they were not seen intermarrying with other subtribes, so it is thought that they repeatedly intermarried.
The lineage of Dorians is not connected to that of Danaus or Cadmus, which brought writing to Greece. The genealogy for about 160 years from Macednus, who is thought to be the son of Dorus, son of Hellen, to Dorus, father of Aegimius, is unknown. Furthermore, the genealogy of the descendants of Aegimius' sons is also unknown.
7.2 Expansion of Lapiths
The Lapiths had a common ancestor, Lapithes, the son of Aeolus, the son of Hippotes, the son of Mimas, the son of Aeolus, the son of Hellen, and the Dorians had a common ancestor, Hellen, the son of Deucalion.
The Dorians originated in Doris, north of Thessaly, and settled mainly in Dryopis, between the Oeta and Parnassus mountains, and in Locris, on the coast of the Maliac Gulf. [100]
Meanwhile, the Lapiths expanded their settlements within Thessaly.
Lapithes left Arne, the home of his father Aeolus, in 1390 BC after the Pelasgians, who had long lived in Thessaly, were expelled. Lapithes descended the Curalius River and settled on the north side near its confluence with the Peneius River. [101]
Periphas, one of the sons of Lapithes, married Astyaguia, daughter of Hypseus, ruler of Magnesia, and they had eight sons. [102]
Periphas succeeded Hypseus as ruler of Magnesia, and strengthened ties with Phthia, which neighbors it to the west, through marriage.
Phlegyas, son of Antion, son of Periphas, lived in Amyrus, near the Boebian lake on the plain of Dotium, and Periphas seems to have ruled between the mountains Ossa and Pelion. [103]
In the time of the grandsons of Lapithes, the power of the Lapithes became so great that Ixion, the son of Antion, the son of Periphas, drove out Perrhaebia of Gyrton. And Peirithous, the son of Ixion, advanced toward Mount Pelion, and drove out the Centaurs. [104]
Looking at the towns that took part in the Argonauts' expedition in 1248 BC, the Lapiths were settled almost throughout Thessaly, with the exception of Phthia. [105]
Peirithous, son of Ixion, is Larissa.
Asclepius, son of Ischys, is Tricca.
Mopsus, the son of Ampycus, is Oechalia.
Coronus, son of Caeneus, was Gyrton.
Aethalides, son of Cercaphus, is Itonus.
Antianeira's two sons, Erytus and Echion, are Alope.
7.3 Battle of Dorians and Lapiths
The Dorians living in Doris (later part of Hestiaeotis) north of Thessaly were also oppressed by Gyrton, and a war between the Dorians and Lapiths began. [106]
Coronus, son of Caeneus of Gyrton, attacked the Dorians of Hestiaeotis, and the Dorians asked Aegimius of Pindus for assistance, who rushed in, but was besieged by the Lapiths led by Coronus. [107]
Aegimius requested reinforcements from Heracles of Trachis on the condition that he cede one-third of Doris, centered on Pindus. Heracles led the Arcadians and Melians of Trachis on an expedition to Hestiaeotis and expelled the Lapiths. [108]
Heracles then fought Cycnus, son of Pelopia, in Itonus, and Ormenius in Ormenium. [109]
After this Heracles attacked Eurytus in Oechalia in Euboea. [110]
It is said that the reason why Heracles attacked Eurytus was because Eurytus forced the surrounding people to pay tribute. [111]
However, from Heracles' series of actions, it can be inferred that the true reason for the battle was as follows.
Eurytus's identity suggests that his father, Melaneus, was the son of Aeolus, son of Lapithes. Eurytus was the Lapiths. Melaneus founded Oechalia a short distance up the Ion River, which flows into the Peneius River in northern Thessaly.
Melaneus was then invited by Perieres to migrate to Messenia and found Oechalia near Andania. [112]
In the time of Eurytus, Tyndareus of Sparta forced Eurytus out of Messenia, emigrated to Euboea, and founded Oechalia. [113]
When a battle broke out between the Dorians and the Lapiths, Eurytus supposedly supported the Lapiths of Thessaly. He was attacked by Heracles, and it is assumed that many Lapiths fled from the fallen city to Eurytus in Euboea. The attack on Oechalia was a fierce battle, and Heracles' casualties were recorded, which had not been recorded in previous battles with Lapiths. [114]
On his way back to Trachis, Heracles built an altar to Zeus on Cape Cenaean, at the northwestern tip of Euboea, and declared the end of the war against the Lapiths. [115]
8 Dorians after the death of Heracles
After Heracles' death, Aegimius, king of the Dorians, kept his promise to Heracles, adopted Heracles' son Hyllus, and ceded some of his territory. [116]
However, the Heracleidae did not reside in Doris until Hyllus led the Heracleidae in an attempt to return to the Peloponnesus peninsula and was killed in battle. [117]
Having lost Hyllus, the Heracleidae went from Attica, where they had been living, to Aegimius of Doris, received the promised land, and cohabited with the Dorians. [118]
The Dorians, who lived on the lands allotted to the Heracleidae, were called Hylleis, after the name of Hyllus. [119]
9 Emigration of the descendants of Cadmus to Doris
9.1 Causes of migration
Thracians and Pelasgians invaded Boeotia, which had become thin due to the Trojan War, and the inhabitants of Boeotia migrated to places such as Arne in Thessaly. [120]
Afterwards, Arne's Boeotians were defeated by Haimon, and some returned to Boeotia, while others remained as slaves called penestai. [121]
In 1126 BC, the remaining Boeotians in Arne were chased back to Boeotia by Aeatus, son of Pheidippus, son of Thessalus, son of Heracles. The Boeotians captured Coroneia and also annexed Orchomenus. [122]
Pursued by the Boeotians, Autesion, son of Tisamenus, a descendant of Cadmus of Thebes, migrated from Thebes to Doris. [123]
9.2 Deciding where to move
Tisamenus' mother was Demonassa, daughter of Amphiaraus of Argos, and Tisamenus' father, Thersandorus, was able to return to Thebes with the help of the Argives. [124]
Autesion had deep ties to Argos, but Autesion's grandmother Demonassa's family did not live in Argos at the time. Additionally, Argos was under the control of Mycenae. [125]
Autesion also seems to have considered moving to the Encheleans of Illyria, where they had migrated since the time of Cadmus. But in that land lived some time ago the grandchildren of Laodamas, the son of Eteocles, whom his grandfather Thersandorus had driven out of Thebes with Epigoni. [126]
Eventually, Autesion decided to move to Doris, where the descendants of Heracles who was born in Thebes, lived. [127]
9.3 Emigration to Doris
In Pindus of Doris lived Aristomachus, son of Cleodaeus, chieftain of the Hylleis, one of the three tribes of the Dorians. [128]
Aristomachus accepts settlers from Thebes and makes a fourth attempt to return to Peloponnesus, but Aristomachus is killed in battle and the expedition ends in failure. [129]
Autesion's daughter Argeia married Aristodemus, son of Aristomachus, and gave birth to twin sons Eurysthenes and Procles, who became the first kings of the two royal families of Sparta. [130]
Theras, son of Autesion, took guardianship of the sons of his sister Argeia, Eurysthenes and Procles, and took part in the return of the Peloponnesus of the Heracleidae. [131]
When the Spartan royal family was born and Eurysthenes and Procles came of age, Theras moved to the island of Thera. [132]
10 Emigration of the Dorians to Peloponnesus
It was during the next period that the Dorians, led by the Heracleidae, migrated to Peloponnesus.
It began in the spring of 1112 BC, when they crossed the strait from Aetolia and landed on the Peloponnesus Peninsula. [133]
It ended in 1075 BC, when the Dorians drove Aeolis out of Corinth. [134]
Strabo reports that the Heracleidae returned to Peloponnesus from Doris, where Pindus is located. [135]
However, in terms of the migration of the Dorians, their starting point was north of Thessaly, and their first migration was in 1186 BC. At that time, the Dorians who lived in Doris, north of Thessaly, were chased by the Thesprotians and moved near Mount Parnassus.
This means that it took more than 100 years for the Dorians to complete their migration from northern Thessaly to the Peloponnesus Peninsula.
As a result of that migration, the inhabitants of the Peloponnesus peninsula became the Dorians, with the exception of the Arcadians of Arcadia, the Epeians of Eleia, and the Achaeans of Achaia.
11 Construction of Megara
In 1074 BC, the Dorians unsuccessfully attacked Athens, drove out the Ionians of Megara, and founded Megara. [136]
It was the Dorians of Corinth who built Megara. [137]
12 Dorians moving abroad
12.1 Emigration to Crete or Rhodes
In 1070 BC, Althaemenes, son of Ceisus, son of Temenos of Argos, led the Dorians and Pelasgians to colonize Crete. [138]
Polis and Delphos, believed to be Dorians of Sparta, migrated to Crete and cohabited with the inhabitants of Gortyn. [139]
Althaemenes himselves moved to Rhodes and founded Lindos, Ialysos, and Kameiros. [140]
The Althaemene emigrant group included not only the Dorians of Argos but also the Dorians of Megara. [141]
With the migration of the Althaemenes, the Dorians became the master of the island, whereas previously the rulers of Rhodes had gone from the Heliadae to the Phoenicians and then to the Carians. [142]
12.2 Emigration to Bithynia
In 712 BC, Zypoetes of Megara led the Dorians to Bithynia and founded Astacus. [143]
Astacus flourished after the Athenians joined the Megarians in 434 BC. [144]
The name Astacus is said to come from Astacus the Sparti, and is thought to have been named by the Gephyraeans, who were among the Athenians. [145]
The Gephyraeans had migrated to Atnens, chased by the Boeotians, shortly after Epigoni's attack on Thebes. [146]
Therefore, the name of the town became Astacus after the Athenians settled there, and the first name of the town seems to have been Lobster. Arrian tells it in his “Bithynian history.” [147]
13 Conclusion
Of all the ancient Greek tribes, the Dorians were the one whose ancestry is the least known.
In 1420 BC, Hellen's son Dorus emigrated from Thessaly to Doris, near Mount Parnassus, and his son Tectamus led a group of immigrants to Crete. [148]
In 1227 BC, Aegimius, king of the Dorians, requested help from Heracles to fight against the Lapiths. [149]
During this time, for about 200 years, the movements of Dorians of Doris are unknown.
Without the friendship between Aegimius and Heracles, the Dorians would have never appeared on the main stage of history and would have become a weaker race like the Dryopes and Dolopes.
Without the friendship between Aegimius and Heracles, the Heracleidae and the Arcadians who followed Heracles would never have lived in Doris.
If the Heracleidae had not lived in Doris, the Cadmeians, led by Autesion, son of Tisamenus, who had been driven from Thebes, would not have joined Dorians.
The migration of Thessaly's Dorians who chased by the Thesprotians, Heracleidae, and Autesion, inspired the previously isolated Dorians of Doris.
Towards the end of the 12th century BC, Doris became overpopulated and, with the Heracleidae as its leaders, migrated en masse to Peloponnesus.
However, Dorians continued to live in Doris.
In 458 BC, the Dorians of Sparta sent an army to help the Dorians of Doris, who were besieged by the Phocians. [150]
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