1 Progenitor Aeolus
In 1580 BC, Hellen's father Deucalion's grandfather migrated north from Boeotia due to pressure from the Hyantes and others. Deucalion founded Pyrrha (later Melitaea) near the source of the Enipeus River, which flows from the south into the Peneius River in northern Thessaly. [1]
Deucalion had two sons, Hellen and Amphictyon. [2]
Hellen ruled Phthiotis, where the local people were called Hellenes or Hellas. [3]
Hellen had three sons, Aeolus, Xuthus, and Dorus. [4]
Aeolus succeeded his father and lived in Melitaea, where he ruled Phthiotis. [5]
Aeolus married Aegiale and had five sons, Mimas, Cretheus, Hypseus, Sisyphus, and Athamas. [6]
Aeolus' family became known as the Aeolians (or Aeolis). [7]
2 Mimas, son of Aeolus
Mimas succeeded his father and lived in Melitaea. [8]
In 1435 BC, Achaeus, son of Xuthus whom Mimas' father Aeolus had driven out of Thessaly, attacked Phthiotis from Aegialus. Mimas moved north from Melitaea down the Enipeus River to the area where it joins the Curius River flowing from the west, and founded Arne. [9]
The only son of Mimas known is Hippotes. [10]
2.1 Hippotes, son of Mimas
The only son of Hippotes that is known is Aeolus. [11]
Homer states that Hippotes was the father of Aeolus, the son of Melanippe, the daughter of Aeolus, the son of Hippotes, but this is thought to be a mistake. [12]
The descendants of Aeolus, the son of Hippotes, will be discussed later.
3 Cretheus, son of Aeolus
In 1420 BC, Tectamus, son of Dorus, son of Hellen, led the Dorians, Aeolians, and Pelasgians to Crete. Cretheus led the Aeolians. [13]
The immigrants, led by Tectamus, settled in eastern Crete. [14]
Cretheus' daughter married Tectamus, son of Dorus, and had a son, Asterius. [15]
Minos, son of Asterius' wife Europe, married Itone, daughter of Lyctius. [16]
It is assumed that Lyctius was the son of Cretheus.
The reason is that Lyctius is thought to have founded Lyctus, one of the three major cities of Crete, along with Cnossus and Gortyna. The name of Itone, the daughter of Lyctius, is also reminiscent of Itonus in Thessaly. Itonus was the husband of Melanippe, the daughter of Aeolus, the son of Hippotes, the son of Mimas, the brother of Cretheus. [17]
4 Hypseus, son of Aeolus
In 1445 BC, Hypseus left Melitaea, where his father Aeolus lived, to seek land in the east, near Mount Pelion. Hypseus had two daughters, Cyrene and Themisto. [18]
It is also believed that Deimachus, the father of Enarete, the wife of Aeolus, the son of Hippotes, was a son of Hypseus. [19]
4.1 Cyrene, daughter of Hypseus
In 1425 BC, Cyrene married Archander, son of Achaeus, son of Xuthus, and had a son, Aristaeus. [20]
In 1420 BC, a group of immigrants led by Cadmus passed through Thessaly. Due to the chaos, Achaeus and his sons emigrated to Peloponnesus. [21]
Cyrene also emigrated to Peloponnesus with Archander and her son Aristaeus. Archander later married Scaea, daughter of Danaus of Argos. [22]
In 1402 BC, Archander emigrated from the Peloponnesus peninsula to Egypt and founded Archandropolis in the Nile Delta. Cyrene and her son Aristaeus also emigrated to Egypt. [23]
Aristaeus emigrated to Sardinia, but Cyrene remained in Egypt for the rest of her life. [24]
4.2 Themisto, daughter of Hypseus
Themisto was married to her uncle Athamas, who founded Halus on the western shore of the Pagasetic Gulf. [25]
In 1390 BC, Halus was washed away by a tsunami, and Themisto emigrated with Athamas to Boeotia. [26]
4.3 Deimachus, probably the son of Hypseus
Deimachus succeeded his father Hypseus and lived near Mount Pelion. He had a daughter, Enarete. [27]
Enarete married Aeolus, son of Hippotes, who lived in Arne of Thessaly, and bore many children. [28]
5 Sisyphus, son of Aeolus
In 1407 BC, Sisyphus sided with Archander, son of Achaeus, in the battle between Argos and Sicyon, and led Argos to victory. [29]
After the battle, Sisyphus founded Ephyra (later Corinth) on the east side of Sicyon. [30]
From then on, the area from Argos to Corinth was widely inhabited by Aeolians who had migrated from Thessaly following Achaeus and Sisyphus. The Aeolians continued to live in Corinth until they were captured by the Dorians under Aletes, son of Hippotas, in 1074 BC. [31]
Sisyphus had four sons, Aeetes, Aloeus, Thersander, and Almus.
5.1 Aeetes, son of Sisyphus
In 1407 BC, Aeetes, together with his father Sisyphus, assisted Archander, son of Achaeus, in the battle between Argos and Sicyon. [32]
In 1390 BC, Aeetes gathered the people affected by the tsunami and set out on a journey in search of a new world.
Aeetes sailed through the Bosporus Strait into the Black Sea, keeping the shore to his right. He sailed to the eastern end of the Black Sea and settled in Colchis at the mouth of the Phasis River. After the death of Sisyphus, Aeetes was called back to Corinth, but he handed Corinth over to Bunus, son of his half-brother Almus, and returned to Colchis. [33]
Aeetes had a daughter, Chalciope. [34]
5.1.1 Chalciope, daughter of Aeetes
Chalciope married Phrixus, son of Athamas, who had migrated with Aeetes to Colchis. Phrixus was Aeetes' cousin. [35]
Chalciope and Phrixus had four sons, Cytissorus (or Cylindrus, Cytisorus, Cytorus), Presbon (or Phrontis), Argus, and Melas. [36]
Perseis' son Aeetes also inherited Colchis, and Aeetes' daughter Medea inherited Corinth. Aeetes probably also had a daughter who married Asterios, son of Minos, son of Europa of Crete, and who became the mother of his daughter Perseis (or Perse). [37]
5.2 Almus, son of Sisyphus
In 1365 BC, Almus moved from Corinth to Orchomenus, where he was given land by Eteocles, son of Andreus. [38]
Almus and Eteocles had a common ancestor, Aeolus, son of Hellen.
Almus settled on the north side of Lake Copais in Boeotia and founded Olmones. [39]
After the death of Eteocles, the rule of Orchomenus passed from the descendants of Andreus to the descendants of Sisyphus. The sons of Almus' two daughters, Chryse and Chrysogeneia, ruled Orchomenus in turn. [40]
Almus, along with Thersander, is thought to have been an illegitimate son of Sisyphus, since he was not given any land by his father Sisyphus. [41]
5.2.1 Chryse, daughter of Almus
Chryse bore a son, Phlegyas. [42]
In 1355 BC, Phlegyas inherited Orchomenus from Eteocles and founded a town named after himself. Phlegyas recruited warriors from all over Greece, who were called Phlegyans. [43]
5.2.2 Chrysogeneia, daughter of Almus
Chrysogeneia bore a son, Chryses. [44]
Chryses had a son, Minyas. [45]
He also presumably had a son, Iasius. [46]
5.3 Thersander, son of Sisyphus
Thersander and Almus were probably illegitimate sons of Sisyphus, as Sisyphus divided his lands between his two sons, Aeetes and Aloeus. [47]
Thersander had three sons, Proetus, Coronus, and Haliartus. [48]
5.3.1 Proetus, son of Thersander
Proetus married Antaeus, daughter of Amphianax, and had a daughter, Maera. [49]
Maera married Physcus, son of Amphictyon of Locris, and had two sons, Locrus and Aetolus. [50]
5.3.2 Coronus, son of Thersander
In 1371 BC, Coronus was adopted by his father's uncle Athamas, who had lost an heir, and was given part of his territory by Athamas, and founded Coroneia on the south shore of Lake Copais in Boeotia. [51]
5.3.3 Haliartus, son of Thersander
In 1371 BC, Haliartus was also adopted by Athamas, and was given part of his territory, and founded Haliartus on the east side of Coroneia. [52]
Haliartus had a son, Hippomenes (or Oncestus). [53]
Haliartus' wife is thought to have been Ascra, and Oeoclus is presumed to be his son. [54]
5.4 Aloeus, son of Sisyphus
Aloeus was given Sicyon by his father Sisyphus. [55]
Aloeus married Canace, daughter of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, son of Mimas, and had five sons, Triops, Hopleus, Nireus, Epopeus, and Aloeus. [56]
Aloeus probably also had a daughter, Ascra. [57]
5.4.1 Triops, son of Aloeus
Iphimedia, daughter of Triops, married her uncle Aloeus and bore him two sons, Otus and Ephialtes, and a daughter, Pancratis. [58]
5.4.2 Aloeus (or Haloeus), son of Aloeus
Aloeus married Iphimedia, daughter of his brother Triops, and bore him a daughter, Pancratis, and two sons, Otus and Ephialtes. [59]
Since the tombs of Otus and Ephialtes were in Anthedon, on the coast of Boeotia, Aloeus probably migrated from Sicyon to Anthedon. [60]
The date of Aloeus' migration is estimated to be around 1360 BC.
5.4.3 Aloeus' two sons, Hopleus and Nireus
No news is known of Hopleus and Nireus, but Lycaethus, father of Creon, later known as king of Corinth, may have been the son or grandson of one of them. [61]
5.4.4 Epopeus, son of Aloeus
In 1375 BC, Epopeus was adopted by his maternal grandfather Aeolus. [62]
Aeolus, who ruled Arne in Thessaly, had many sons, but no one to succeed him, so it is assumed that he adopted Epopeus, the son of his daughter Canace. [63]
In 1370 BC, Aeolus' daughter Melanippe and her son Boeotus, who had been taken to the Italian peninsula by the Pelasgians, returned to Arne. Boeotus succeeded his grandfather, and Epopeus returned to Sicyon. [64]
After the death of Bunus of Corinth, Epopeus, grandson of Sisyphus, founder of Corinth, also ruled Corinth. [65]
Epopeus' children are known to be his son Marathon and his daughter Oenope. In addition, the daughters of the river god Asopus are also believed to have been the daughters of Epopeus. [66]
5.4.5 Ascra, a possible daughter of Aloeus
Ascra had a son, Oeoclus. [67]
In 1320 BC, Oeoclus, along with his sister Iphimedia's two sons, Otus and Ephialtes, moved to the source of the Asopus River, which flows from west to east south of Boeotia, and founded a town, which they named Ascra after their mother. [68]
There is no record of Oeoclus' children, but Aeolus, the river god Asopus in Boeotia, is presumed to have been his son. [69]
6 Athamas, son of Aeolus
In 1415 BC, Athamas moved to the western shore of the Pagasetic Gulf and founded Halus. [70]
In 1390 BC, a tsunami reached the Pagasetic Gulf and washed away Halus from the shore. [71]
Athamas moved to the eastern shore of Lake Copais in Boeotia and founded Acraephnium. [72]
The story of Athamas, who was estimated to be 55 years old at the time of the settlement, and Ino, daughter of Cadmus, is told by many people but is likely a fiction. [73]
Athamas had sons with Themisto, daughter of Hypseus: Leucon, Erythrius, Schoeneus, Ptous, Sphincius, and Orchomenus, all of whom died young. [74]
Athamas also had a son, Phrixus, and a daughter, Helle, by Nephele. Phrixus moved to Colchis with his cousin Aeetes. [75]
Athamas, who had no heir, adopted Haliartus and Coronus, the two sons of Thersander, the son of his brother Sisyphus. [76]
6.1 Leucon, son of Athamas and Themisto
Leucon was Athamas' eldest son, but he died of an illness. [77]
Probably from a plague that had ravaged all of Greece. [78]
Leucon had a son, Erythras, and a daughter, Euippe. [79]
6.1.1 Erythras, son of Leucon
Erythras is said to have been killed by Oenomaus after he proposed marriage to Hippodamaeia, daughter of Oenomaus of Pisa. [80]
However, Hippodamaeia's marriage occurred after Athamas had adopted a son, so if Erythras had been alive, Athamas would not have had to adopt a son. It is likely that Erythras died before Athamas adopted a son.
It is also said that the town of Erythrae at the foot of Mount Cithaeron in Boeotia was named after Erythras. [81]
However, at the time, the surrounding area was inhabited by people who had come with Cadmus, so it is unlikely that Aeolis could have settled there. It is believed that later, when the power of Thebes declined, the descendants of Erythras who had moved there named the town in memory of him.
6.1.2 Euippe, daughter of Leucon
Euippe married the first king of Orchomenus, Andreus, and bore him a son, Eteocles, who became the next king. [82]
6.2 Schoeneus, son of Athamas and Themisto
In 1380 BC, Schoeneus founded Schoenus, about 9 km from Thebes towards Anthedon. [83]
In 1256 BC, a descendant of Schoeneus, Schoeneus, was oppressed by Thebes and emigrated to Arcadia. Schoeneus founded the town of Schoenus, northwest of Tegea, between Methydrium and Anemosa. [84]
Schoeneus' daughter Atalanta married Hippomenes, son of Megareus of Oncestus in Boeotia, and had a son, Parthenopaeus. Parthenopaeus participated in the attack on Thebes with the Argives. [85]
6.3 Ptous, son of Athamas and Themisto
In 1390 BC, Ptous settled with his father Athamas on the east side of Lake Copais in Boeotia, but died before his father. [86]
To the east of Lake Copais there is a mountain named after Ptous, and nearby there is a shrine to Apollo, also named after Ptous. [87]
The prophet Tenerus, who established the famous oracle on Mount Ptous, is thought to have been the son of Epopeus, the son of Aloeus, the son of Athamas' brother Sisyphus, and was an Aeolian like Ptous. [88]
6.4 Erythrius and Sphincius, sons of Athamas and Themisto
Erythrius and Sphincius probably died young, since Athamas adopted the sons of Thersander. [89]
6.5 Orchomenus, son of Athamas and Themisto
Orchomenus married Mideia and had three sons, Aspledon, Clymenus, and Amphidocus. [90]
6.5.1 Aspledon, son of Orchomenus
In 1350 BC, Aspledon founded the town of Aspledon, northwest of Lake Copais. [91]
In 1340 BC, Aspledon founded Mideia, named after his mother, southwest of Lake Copais. [92]
In 1260 BC, Lebadus, son of Lycaon, son of Pandion, moved from Athens to Mideia after being driven out by Aegeus. The name of the town was then called Lebadeia. [93]
6.6 Phrixus, son of Athamas and Nephele
In 1390 BC, Phrixus emigrated from Halus in eastern Thessaly, which had been devastated by a tsunami, to Ephyraea, a town founded by Athamas' brother Sisyphus in 1407 BC. [94]
In 1390 BC, Sisyphus' son Aeetes was preparing to lead an expedition to search for new lands with the inhabitants of the devastated Ephyraea (later Corinth). Phrixus joined the expedition and married Aeetes' daughter Chalciope. [95]
Four sons of Phrixus are known: Argus, Cytissorus (or Cylindrus, Cytisorus, Cytorus), Presbon (or Phrontis), and Melas. [96]
6.6.1 Argus, son of Phrixus
Argus is the only one of the brothers whose whereabouts are unknown, and is presumed to have inherited Colchis from his grandfather Aeetes.
6.6.2 Cytissorus, son of Phrixus
In 1360 BC, Cytissorus migrated from Colchis to the southern coast of the Black Sea and founded Cytorus. [97]
He later married Sinope, daughter of Epopeus of Sicyon.
A town was built to the east of Cytorus and was named after Cytissorus' wife, Sinope. [98]
6.6.3 Presbon and Melas, sons of Phrixus
In 1360 BC, Presbon and his brother Melas migrated to Boeotia, where their grandfather Athamas lived. After Athamas adopted his sons, Presbon inherited all of Athamas' lands except those that Athamas had given to his adopted son.[99]
Presbon had a son, Clymenus, who became king of Orchomenus.[100]
6.6.4 Melas, son of Phrixus
Melas, together with Presbon, migrated from Colchis to Boeotia, and married Eurycleia, daughter of Athamas and Themisto, by whom he had a son, Hyperes. Hyperes lived near the spring of Hypereia in Pherae, near Iolcus in Thessaly. [101]
6.7 Helle, daughter of Athamas and Nephele
Helle migrated to Colchis with her brother Phrixus. [102]
7 Aeolus, son of Hippotes, son of Mimas, and his wives
Aeolus was born in 1432 BC, the son of Hippotes, son of Mimas, and Melanippe. [103]
Aeolus had at least five wives.
7.1 Enarete, daughter of Deimachus
Deimachus was the brother of Aeolus' grandfather Mimas, and the son of Hypseus, who lived near Mount Pelion in eastern Thessaly. Aeolus and his wife Enarete were presumably second cousins. [104]
7.2 Protogenia, daughter of Deucalion
Aethlius, who founded Elis, was the son of Aeolus and Protogenia, daughter of Deucalion. Protogenia was also Aeolus' wife. [105]
Protogenia's father, Deucalion, was the son of Dorus, son of Hellen, and lived in Locris. [106]
7.3 Thyia, daughter of Deucalion
Macedon, the godfather of Macedonia, and Magnes, were the sons of Thyia, daughter of Deucalion. [107]
Magnes is also said to be the son of Aeolus. [108]
Thyia was also the wife of Aeolus.
7.4 Stilbe, daughter of Peneius
Lapithes, ancestor of the Lapiths, was fathered by Aeolus and his mother was Stilbe. [109]
Stilbe was also the wife of Aeolus.
Peneius, father of Stilbe, is thought to have been the godfather of the river that flows through the northern part of Thessaly, and is presumed to be the son of Tectamus, son of Dorus. [110]
7.5 Iphis (or Iphys), daughter of Peneius
Salmoneus' father was Aeolus and his mother was Iphis. [111]
So Iphis was also a wife of Aeolus.
Iphis was the youngest known wife of Aeolus.
8 Melanippe, daughter of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Enarete
Melanippe appears in historical sources as Arne or Antiopa, but her real name is probably Melanippe, the same as her grandmother's. [112]
Melanippe married Itonus, son of Amphictyon, son of Deucalion, who migrated from Antheia in Locris to the west coast of the Pagasetic Gulf and founded Itonus. [113]
In 1390 BC, a huge tsunami struck the coastal towns of the Pelasgians in Thessaly. Halus, founded by Athamas, son of Aeolus, near Itonus, was washed away by the tsunami. [114]
Itonus was spared because it was a little inland, but the Pelasgians, who had lost their homes, attacked Itonus. Itonus' wife Melanippe was taken prisoner by Dius, a Pelasgian. [115]
Melanippe was taken west with Dius via Dodona to the Italian peninsula. [116]
Melanippe was taken to Metabum (later Metapontium, now Metaponto) in the southern part of the Italian peninsula. There she gave birth to two sons, Aeolus and Boeotus. [117]
Boeotus, who returned from Italy to Thessaly, did not succeed his father Itonus, but succeeded his maternal grandfather. From this, it is presumed that Boeotus was the son of Dius, not Itonus. [118]
8.1 Boeotus, son of Melanippe
In 1370 BC, Boeotus returned to Arne in Thessaly with his mother Melanippe. Boeotus succeeded his grandfather Aeolus, and the inhabitants of Arne became known as Boeotians. [119]
Boeotus had a son, Itonus. [120]
8.1.1 Itonus, son of Boeotus
Itonus, the husband of Itonus' grandmother Melanippe, was the son of Amphictyon, son of Deucalion, who lived in Antheia of Locris, and had a brother named Physcius. [121]
Physcius' daughter Thebe married Zethus, son of Antiope, who lived in the village of Eutresis, a short distance from Leuctra in Boeotia, near Thebes. [122]
Zethus and his twin brother Amphion seized Cadmeia, which was then ruled by Lycus, the son of Hyrieus, the guardian of Laius, the son of Labdacus, and founded Thebes. [123]
Locrus, the brother of Zethus' wife Thebe, also assisted in this battle. [124]
It is also believed that Itonus, the son of Boeotus, was also involved. Itonus was the son of Boeotus, the son of Melanippe, the wife of Itonus, the brother of Locrus' father Physcius, and was therefore a cousin of Locrus. [125]
After this battle, a migration from Arne took place in Boeotia. Later, the Boeotians, descendants of Melanippe's son Boeotus, expanded their settlement around Thebes, and the area came to be called Boeotia. [126]
8.2 Aeolus, son of Melanippe
In 1365 BC, Aeolus moved from Metabum to Lipara, northeast of Sicily, and married Cyane, daughter of Liparus, who lived on the island. Liparus had been driven out of Italy by his brothers and had settled there, but he wanted to return to Italy. Aeolus helped Liparus settle near Surrentum (now Sorrento), at the entrance to the Crater Gulf (now the Gulf of Naples). [127]
One of Aeolus' sons, Astyochus, inherited Lipara, and the other sons settled in the northern coastal areas of Sicily and the southernmost tip of the Italian peninsula. [128]
9 Calyce, daughter of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Enarete
Calyce was married to Aethlius, founder of Elis from Arne. [129]
Aethlius was Calyce's half-brother. [130]
Aethlius and Calyce had a son, Endymion. [131]
10 Andreus (or Minyas), son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Enarete
According to Pausanias, the first to live in Orchomenus was Andreus, son of the river god Peneius. According to Apollonius of Rhodes, Orchomenus was founded by Minyas, son of Aeolus. [132]
So Andreus was the son of Aeolus, and was presumably also called Minyas.
In 1380 BC, Andreus emigrated from Arne in Thessaly to Boeotia and founded Andreis. [133]
Andreus married Euippe, daughter of Leucon, son of Athamas, by whom he had a son, Eteocles.[134]
10.1 Eteocles (or Cephisiades), son of Andreus
Eteocles ruled Andreis after Andreus. [135]
When Eteocles died without an heir, the kingship passed to the descendants of Almus, son of Sisyphus. [136]
11 Canace, daughter of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Enarete
Canace married Aloeus, son of Sisyphus of Sicyon, from Arne. [137]
12 Deion (or Deion, Deioneus), son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Enarete
In 1365 BC, Deion emigrated from Arne to Phocis. [138]
Deion married Diomede, daughter of Xuthus, and had sons Aenetus, Actor, Phylacus, Cephalus, and a daughter Asterodia. [139]
12.1 Aenetus and Actor, sons of Deion
Aenetus and Actor are known only by name. [140]
12.2 Phylacus, son of Deion
In 1325 BC, Phylacus moved from Phocis to Thessaly and founded Phylace, northwest of the Pagasetic Gulf. [141]
Phylacus married Clymene, daughter of Minyas, from Orchomenus, and had a son Iphiclus and a daughter Alcimede. [142]
12.2.1 Iphiclus, son of Phylacus
Iphiclus inherited Phylace from his father and married Diomedia, and had two sons, Protesilaus (or Iolaus) and Podarces. [143]
Protesilaus married Laodamia, daughter of Acastus, from Iolcus, about 20 km northeast of Phylace. [144]
Protesilaus led an expedition from Phylace to Troy. [145]
Podarces also led an expedition to Troy with his brother Protesilaus. [146]
12.2.2 Alcimede, daughter of Phylacus
Alcimede married Aeson, son of Tyro, who lived in Aesonis in Thessaly, and became the mother of Jason, who appears in the story of the expedition of the Argonauts. [147]
12.3 Cephalus, son of Deion
Cephalus was succeeded by Deion, and had a son, Canes. [148]
12.3.1 Canes, son of Cephalus
Canes succeeded his father and married Euadne, daughter of Pelias of the city of Iolcus. [149]
12.4 Asterodia, daughter of Deion
Asterodia married Endymion, son of Aethlius of Elis, and had sons Epeius, Aetolus, and Paeon, and a daughter Eurycyda. [150]
Endymion was the son of Aethlius, brother of Deion, father of Asterodia, and was Asterodia's cousin.
13 Macareus (or Macar), son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Protogenia
In 1390 BC, Macareus, together with his brothers Aethlius and Perieres, was the first of the Aeolians to cross the straits from Aetolia. [151]
Afterwards, Macareus led a group of immigrants made up of a motley group of people, including Ionians and Pelasgians, who had been devastated by a tsunami, to Pelasgia (later Lesbos). [152]
Macareus expanded his sphere of influence by sending his sons to the neighboring islands, and Pelasgia was also called the home of Macareus after Macareus' settlement. [153]
13.1 Cydrolaus, son of Macareus
In 1365 BC, Cydrolaus, son of Macareus, emigrated from Lesbos to Samos. [154]
13.2 Neandrus, son of Macareus
In 1340 BC, Neandrus, son of Macareus, emigrated from Lesbos to Cos. [155]
13.3 Amphissa, daughter of Macareus
Amphissa, the eldest daughter of Macareus, married into Ozolian Locris and lived in the town that would later bear her name. [156]
Amphissa in Ozolian Locris was founded in 1410 BC by Orestheus, son of Deucalion, who emigrated from Cynus in Locris.
The husband of Amphissa, daughter of Macareus, is presumed to have been Oineus, son of Phytius, son of Orestheus. [157]
13.4 Methyma, daughter of Macareus
In 1340 BC, Lesbos, son of Lapithus, brother of Macareus, led a colony from Thessaly to the island. Macareus married his daughter Methyma to Lesbos and made Lesbos his successor. [158]
Methyma was the daughter of Macareus, brother of Lapithus, father of Lesbos, and was Lesbos' cousin.
14 Aethlius, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes and Protogenia
In 1390 BC, Aethlius, along with his brothers Macareus and Perieres, emigrated from Arne to the Peloponnesus peninsula.
Aethlius moved to the northern part of Eleia near the Peneius River and founded Elis. [159]
Aethlius married his half-sister Calyce, and had a son Endymion. [160]
14.1 Endymion, son of Aethlius
Endymion succeeded Aethlius in reigning in Elis. [161]
In 1345 BC, Clymenus, son of Cardys, immigrated to Olympia from Cydonia in Crete. Endymion expelled Clymenus and placed Olympia under the control of Elis. [162]
Endymion married Asterodia, daughter of Deion, who lived in Phocis, and had three sons, Epeius, Aetolus, and Paeon, and a daughter, Eurycyda. [163]
Asterodia was the daughter of Deion, brother of Endymion's father Aethlius, and was Endymion's cousin.
14.1.1 Epeius, son of Endymion
Epeius succeeded his father Endymion in reigning in Elis. He married Anaxiroe, daughter of Coronus from Sicyon, and had a daughter, Hyrmina. [164]
Epeius and Anaxiroe were of the same race, descended from Aeolus, the ancestor of the Aeolians.
The inhabitants of Elis were called Epeians after Epeius. [165]
Endymion's daughter Hyrmina married Phorbas, who had emigrated from Rhodes at the invitation of Olenus, who was under the rule of Elis at the time. [166]
14.1.2 Aetolus, son of Endymion
Endymion's son Aetolus succeeded Epeius, but was driven out of Elis by Salmoneus of Salmone in 1320 BC. [167]
Aetolus emigrated from the Peloponnesus peninsula across the straits to the mainland. He expelled the native Curetes and settled in their land, which he called Aetolia after himself. [168]
Aetolus married Pronoe, daughter of Phorbas of Olenus, and had two sons, Pleuron and Calydon. [169]
14.1.3 Paeon, son of Endymion
Paeon emigrated from the Thermaic Gulf north of Thessaly up the Axius River to the region that was named after him, Paeonia. [170]
Paeon had a son, Aristaeus, and a daughter, Evippe (or Aethuse). [171]
Evippe married Pierus, son of Magnes, of Pieria in Macedonia, and had Linus. [172]
Pierus, son of Linus, emigrated from Pieria to Thespiae in Boeotia. [173]
Pierus was the grandfather of the famous poet Orpheus. [174]
14.1.4 Eurycyda, daughter of Endymion
Eurycyda married Alector, son of Salmoneus, who lived in Salmone, and had a son, Eleius, who became the godfather of Eleans. Eleius had a son, Augeas (or Augeus, Aegeas, Augeias), who later fought against Heracles. [175]
15 Perieres, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Protogenia
In 1390 BC, Perieres emigrated from Arne to the northwestern part of the Peloponnesus Peninsula with his brothers Macareus and Aethlius. [176]
15.1 Pisus, son of Perieres
In 1345 BC, Pisus founded Pisa on the Alpheius River, south of Elis, which Aethlius had founded. [177]
In 1330 BC, the Arcadians founded Harpina a little upstream of the Alpheius. It was founded by Oenomaus, son of Alxion, grandson of Heraeeus, son of Lycaon, who founded Heraea, further upstream of the Alpheius near the confluence with the Ladon. [178]
In 1315 BC, Pisus was expelled from Pisa by Oenomaus.
16 Macedon, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Thyia
In 1350 BC, Macedon, together with his brother Magnes, emigrated from Arne to the vicinity of Mount Olympus. [179]
Macedon married Oreithyia, daughter of Cecrops of Athens, and had two sons, Europus and Beres. [180]
16.1 Europus, son of Macedon
In 1305 BC, Europus moved from near Mount Olympus to the land between the Ludias and Axius rivers (a little north of the future Pella) and founded Europus. [181]
16.2 Beres, son of Macedon
Beres had three daughters, Mieza, Beroea, and Olganos, after whom the cities of Macedonia were named. [182]
17 Magnes, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Thyia
In 1350 BC, Magnes moved from Arne to near Mount Olympus with his brother Macedon. [183]
17.1 Polydectes and Dictys, sons of Magnes
There is also a tradition that two sons of Magnes, Polydectes and Dictys, lived on the island of Seriphus and were the protectors of Perseus. [184]
But their father was Peristhenes, son of Damastor, son of Nauplius, son of Amymone, daughter of Danaus. [185]
The sons of Magnes had no connection with the island of Seriphus and Perseus.
17.2 Eioneus (or Deioneus), son of Magnes
Eioneus, son of Magnes, succeeded his father Magnes. [186]
Eioneus had a daughter named Dia. [187]
17.2.1 Dia, daughter of Eioneus
Dia married Ixion, son of Antion, of Gyrton, on the river Peneius, a little south of Mount Olympus, and had a son named Peirithous (or Pirithous, Perithous). [188]
17.3 Methone, son of Magnes
In 1330 BC, Methone, son of Magnes, migrated from near Mount Olympus to the northwestern shore of the Thermaic Gulf and founded Methone. [189]
17.4 Pierus, son of Magnes
In 1300 BC, Pierus, son of Magnes, founded Pieria (later Lyngus) on the north side of Mount Olympus. [190]
Pierus married Evippe, daughter of Paeon, and had a son, Linus. [191]
Linus had a son, Pierus, who emigrated from Pieria to Thespiae in Boeotia. [192]
Linus' son Pierus became the grandfather of the famous poet Orpheus. [193]
18 Lapithus (or Lapithes), son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Iphis
In 1365 BC, Lapithus emigrated from Arne to the Peneius River. Lapithus married Orsinome, daughter of Eurynomus, and had three sons, Periphas, Lesbos, and Phorbas, and a daughter, Diomede. Lapithus' descendants grew in power and came to be called Lapiths. [194]
The descendants of Lapithus are described separately in "Genealogy of Lapiths".
19 Salmoneus, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Iphis
In 1335 BC, Salmoneus moved from Arne to the vicinity of Elis, which had been founded by his half-brother Aethlius. He founded Salmone near the spring of Salmone, the source of the Enipeus River, a tributary of the Alpheus River. [195]
The only known child of Salmoneus is his daughter Tyro, but he probably also had a son named Alector. [196]
19.1 Tyro, daughter of Salmoneus
In 1338 BC, Tyro married Hippocoon, who lived in Pylus near Arne, and had three sons, Amythaon, Pheres, and Aeson. [197]
Hippocoon was the river god Enipeus, and Salmoneus lived in Arne, across the Enipeus River from Pylus. [198]
Pylus, where Hippocoon lived, was near Crannon, which had been founded by Crannon the Pelasgian. [199]
In 1390 BC, Pronous, son of Deucalion of Locris, together with his brothers, expelled the Pelasgians from Thessaly.[200]
Afterwards, Pronous lived in Phthia, and Neonus, son of Helen, son of Pronous, probably succeeded him there. [201]
Hippocoon, the brother of Neonus, probably migrated from Phthia to the north, near Crannon, and founded Pylus around 1340 BC.
After Hippocoon's death in 1318 BC, Tyro married her father's brother Cretheus, who lived in nearby Iolcus, and had twin sons, Neleus and Pelias. [202]
19.2 Alector, a possible son of Salmoneus
Only Diodorus tells us about Alector, king of Eleia, who summoned Phorbas, son of Lapithus, to Olenus. [203]
This Alector is presumed to have been the son of Salmoneus for the following reasons:
It is said that Aetolus, king of Elis, was banished by Salmoneus for committing murder in Arcadia. [204]
However, it was not the Arcadians who banished Aetolus, but Salmoneus, who was also an Aeolian. In other words, it seems that Aetolus was banished not for murder, but for the problem of Elis.
In fact, Aetolus' migration to Aetolia was not a simple exile, but a mass migration accompanied by a force that drove out the inhabitants of the place of migration.
The king of Elis who succeeded Aetolus was Eleius, the son of Eurycyda, daughter of Emdymion, who is estimated to have been 5 years old at the time. [205]
It is assumed that Salmoneus expelled the king of Elis and his supporters because Salmoneus was related to Eleius, who became king of Elis after Aetolus. [206]
In other words, Alector was the son of Salmoneus, and it is believed that he married Emdymion's daughter Eurycyda and had a son, Eleius. [207]
After Aetolus' expulsion, Eleius became king of Elis, and Alector moved from Salmone to Elis as guardian of his young son.
After that, Pelops, who arrived on the Peloponnesus Peninsula, became king of Pisa, and overwhelmed the surrounding area with the power and wealth of the Lydians who had migrated with him. Alector summoned Phorbas, the son of Lapithus, the brother of his father Salmoneus, to Olenus, which was then the territory of Elis, to rule there. [208]
20 Cretheus, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Iphis
In 1350 BC, Cretheus migrated from Arne to the north shore of the Pagasetic Gulf and founded Iolcus. [209]
Cretheus married Tyro, daughter of his brother Salmoneus, and had twin sons Pelias and Neleus. Cretheus had five known sons, including Amythaon, Pheres, and Aeson, children of Tyro's former husband Hippocoon.
20.1 Pelias, son of Cretheus and Tyro
According to legend, Pelias fought for the kingship with his brother Neleus after the death of their father Cretheus. [210]
However, Pelias later held the Olympic Games together with Neleus, so it is likely that Neleus had Pelias succeed his father and sought new lands with Amythaon. [211]
Pelias' only son, Acastus, is known. [212]
Pelias appears in the story of the Argonauts' expedition as King Iolcus, who commanded Jason to go on an expedition.
Pelias had at least nine daughters, but only four of them had known husbands: Alcestis, Pelopia, Euadne, and Amphinom.
20.1.1 Wives of Pelias
Pelias married Phylomache, daughter of Amphion, and had a son, Acastus, and daughters.
Pelias also married Anaxibia, daughter of Bias, and had a daughter, Alcestis. [213]
His first wife, Phylomache, was the daughter of Amphion, son of Iasius of Orchomenus, a wealthy man at the time. Phylomache's sister, Chloris, married Neleus, brother of Pelias. [214]
20.1.2 Acastus, son of Pelias
In 1248 BC, Acastus participated in the expedition of the Argonauts led by his cousin Jason. [215]
In 1246 BC, Acastus absolved Peleus of the crime of accidentally killing Eurytion of Phthia during a boar hunt in Calydon. [216]
In 1245 BC, Acastus held funeral games for his father Pelias and succeeded him as ruler of Iolcus. [217]
In 1236 BC, Acastus ruled Iolcus with such tyranny that the Minyans, who had migrated from Orchomenus and lived in Iolcus, rebelled. Acastus was killed by the Minyans and Iolcus was destroyed. [218]
20.1.3 Alcestis, daughter of Pelias
Alcestis married Hippasus, son of Eurytus of Oechalia. [219]
But when Hippasus died, Alcestis took her son Theseus and married Admetus, son of Pheres, who founded Pheraea near Iolcus. [220]
Pheres was the half-brother of Alcestis' father Pelias, and Admetus was Alcestis' cousin.
20.1.4 Pelopia, daughter of Pelias
Pelopia married Aethalides, son of Cercaphus, of Itonus near Iolcus, and had a son, Cycnus. [221]
20.1.5 Euadne, daughter of Pelias
Euadne married Canes, son of Cephalus, of Phocis. [222]
20.1.6 Amphinome, daughter of Pelias
Amphinome married Andraemon, son of Periphas, who lived near the River Peneius. [223]
20.2 Neleus, son of Cretheus and Tyro
In 1303 BC, Neleus emigrated from Iolcus to the northwestern Peloponnesus peninsula with his half-brother Amythaon and his sons, Melampus and Bias. Neleus founded Pylus a short distance up the river Ladon, a tributary of the river Peneius, from Elis.[224]
20.2.1 Chloris, wife of Neleus
Neleus' wife was Chloris, daughter of Amphion, but there are two versions of who Amphion was.
1) Amphion of Thebes
The historian Diodorus, 1st century BC, says that Amphion was a Theban.
The 1st century BC author Hyginus and the 1st century AD myth writer Apollodorus say that he was the husband of Niobe. [225]
2) Amphion of Orchomenus
The 8th century BC bard Homer says that Amphion was the son of Iasius of Minyans in Orchomenus, which was a prosperous city at the time.
The 2nd century AD geographer Pausanias also says that he was the son of Iasius of Orchomenus.
The 1st century BC geographer Strabon says that Chloris was from Orchomenus in Minyans. [226]
The Thebes theory simply states that the mother of Chloris' father Amphion was Antiope.
The Orchomenus theory is more specific and plausible.
The wife of Nestor, the youngest son of Neleus, was also Anaxibia (or Eurydice) of Orchomenus, so the Orchomenus theory seems more appropriate. [227]
In addition, Iasius' son Amphion was a Minyan who lived in Orchomenus, so it is presumed that he was the brother of Minyas, the son of Chryses, the son of Chrysogeneia.
20.2.2 Children of Neleus
Neleus had 12 sons: Periclymenus, Taurus, Asterius, Pylaon, Deimachus, Eurybius, Epilaus, Phrasius, Eurymenes, Evagoras, Alastor, Chromius, Nestor, and a daughter, Pero. [228]
Pero married his cousin, Bias, son of Amythaon. [229]
Neleus also drove Amythaon's sons far away, and sent his own sons to seek land in southern Eleia.
In 1245 BC, the sons of Neleus founded Pylus, near the coast east of Lepreus. It was called Triphylia, and was inhabited by three tribes: Epeians (Eleians), Minyans, and Arcadians. [230]
There was a battle between the sons of Neleus and the Arcadians over the possession of Chaa near Lepreus, in which Nestor showed his prowess. [231]
20.3 Amythaon, son of Hippocoon and Tyro
Amythaon is said to have held the Olympic Games before Neleus, and was a generation older than Neleus. [232]
When Tyro remarried Cretheus, Amythaon was already married and had a son, Melampus, who was born in Pylus. [233]
Pylus is located across the Enipeus River from Arne in Thessaly, and was the domain of Tyro's first husband, Hippocoon. [234]
When Cretheus died, Iolcus was succeeded by Pelias, and Neleus moved from Thessaly to Eleia with Amythaon. [235]
Eleia was the place where Salmoneus, father of Amythaon's mother Tyro, had emigrated before Amythaon. [236]
20.3.1 Wife of Amythaon
Amythaon's wife was named Aglaia. [237]
Aglaia's son Melampus was a seer, but some say he either invented his own prophetic skills or received them from a snake. [238]
However, Melampus's prophetic skills were passed down through the generations. The Acarnian seers who taught Hesiod and Megistias, a seer from Acarnania who participated in the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC, were descendants of Melampus. [239]
All four of Amythaon's brothers were married to the daughters of Amphion, son of Iasius, a powerful man from Orchomenus in Boeotia, and to the daughters and grandchildren of Minyas. Amythaon probably married Aglaia from Boeotia.
Aglaia was the daughter of the seer Tenerus, who established a famous oracle on Mount Ptous in Boeotia, and Tenerus is believed to have initiated Melampus into the art of divination. [240]
20.3.2 Melampus (or Melampous), son of Amythaon
Melampus was born in Pylus of Thessaly. [241]
Melampus moved with his father to Eleia and lived in Pylus near Elis. Later, Melampus moved from Pylus to Triphylia, far to the south. [242]
Melampus had two sons, Abas (or Manto, Mantius) and Mantius (or Antiphates). [243]
20.3.3 Bias, son of Amythaon
Bias was born in Pylus of Thessaly. [244]
Bias married Pero, daughter of Neleus, and had three sons, Talaus, Areius, Leodocus, and a daughter, Anaxibia. [245]
Bias moved with his father to Eleia and lived in Pylus near Elis. Later, Bias moved from Pylus to Triphylia, far south. [246]
Bias had three sons, Talaus, Areius, Leodocus, and a daughter, Anaxibia. [247]
20.3.4 Aeolia, daughter of Amythaon
Aeolia was born in Pylus of Thessaly, and married Calydon, son of Aetolus, of Calydon in Aetolia. [248]
Calydon was the son of Aetolus, son of Endymion, son of Aethlius, brother of Salmoneus, father of Tyro, mother of Amythaon, father of Aeolia. Thus, Calydon and Aeolia were third cousins.
20.3.5 Perimela, daughter of Amythaon
Perimela was born in Pylus of Thessaly and married Antion, son of Periphas, who lived in Gyrton of Thessaly. [249]
Antion was the son of Periphas, son of Lapithus, brother of Salmoneus, father of Tyro, mother of Amythaon, father of Perimela. Antion was therefore a second cousin of Perimela's father.
20.4 Pheres, son of Hippocoon and Tyro
In 1303 BC, Pheres moved from Pylus in Thessaly to near Iolcus and founded Pherae. [250]
Pheres married Periclymene, daughter of Minyas, from Orchomenus, and had two sons, Admetus and Lycurgus, and two daughters, Antigona and Periopis. [251]
20.5 Aeson, son of Hippocoon and Tyro
Aeson was born in Pylus of Thessaly. Aeson founded Aesonis. [252]
Aeson married Alcimede, daughter of Phylacus, from Phylace, and had two sons, Jason and Promachus. [253]
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