1 Introduction
Most of the tribes mentioned in Greek legends were descendants of Ogygus or Inachus.
The Perrhaebians and Aenianians, who lived in Thessaly, are presumed to be descendants of Ogygus.
Exceptions were the Telchines and Delphians.
The Leleges appear in legends throughout the Greek world, but they were not the same tribe.
The Gephyraeans, who were not Greeks, were also deeply involved in Greek history.
2 Perrhaebians
The Perrhaebians were part of the Amphictyons, convened by Amphictyon, son of Deucalion. [1]
All members of the Amphictyons, with the exception of the Delphians, were descendants of Deucalion, father of Hellen.
In other words, the Perrhaebians were also descendants of Deucalion and likely a branch of the Hellenes.
The Perrhaebians lived near Dotium and Mount Ossa in Thessaly. [2]
In 1246 BC, some Perrhaebians were driven by the Lapiths and migrated to the source of the Peneius River. [3]
Afterward, the Perrhaebians continued to live around Dotium, coexisting with the Lapiths. [4]
In 1186 BC, the Perrhaebians fought against the Thesprotians who invaded Thessaly, but were defeated. [5]
The Perrhaebians continued to live as penestae (serfs), subordinate to the Thesprotians. [6]
During the Persian invasion of Greece in the 5th century BC, the Perrhaebians offered earth and water to the Persian king. [7]
3 Aenianians
The Aenianians (or Enianians) were members of the Amphictyons, convened by Amphictyon, son of Deucalion. [8]
All members of the Amphictyons, except for the Delphians, were descendants of Deucalion, father of Hellen.
The Aenianians were likely descendants of Deucalion and a branch of the Hellenes.
The Aenianians lived near Dotium and Mount Ossa in Thessaly. [9]
In 1246 BC, some Aenianians were driven by the Lapiths and migrated to the vicinity of Mount Oeta. [10]
Some Aenianians migrated to the Auas River in the land of the Molossians and changed their name to Parauaei. [11]
The Aenianians continued to live in Thessaly and provided earth and water to the Persian king during Persian invasion of Greece in the 5th century BC. [12]
3.1 Malians
The following suggests that the Malians were a branch of the Aenianians.
1) The 3rd-century AD writer Antoninus Liberalis reports that the Malians ruled the area at the foot of Mount Othrys north of the Malian Gulf. [13]
2) Strabo reports that the Aenianians expanded their territory from the area near Mount Oeta to Echinus at the foot of Mount Othrys. [14]
In 1246 BC, the Malians migrated from the Dotium Plain to Trachis near Mount Oeta. [15]
In 1230 BC, the Malians expelled the Dryopians and captured Dryopia. [16]
Subsequently, the Malians expanded their settlement from Trachis eastward to the Malian Gulf.
3.2 Centaurs
The following suggests that the Centaurs were a branch of the Aenianians.
1) The Centaurs, pursued by Peirithous, son of Ixion, fled to the land of the Aethices, who lived in the Pindus Mountains. [17]
2) The Aenianians, who lived in Dotian, were pursued by the Lapiths and migrated to Aethicia. [18]
In 1390 BC, when the Pelasgians were driven out of Thessaly, Amphictyon, son of Deucalion, summoned a tribe called the Aenianians. [19]
The Aenianians are also thought to be a branch of the Aeolis, who had long lived in Thessaly.
The genealogy of Mimas, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen, and his son Hippotes is unknown.
It is believed that the ancestor of the Aenianians was a son of Mimas or Hippotes, who settled in Dotian after expelling the Pelasgians. [20]
Persecuted by Lapiths, some Centaurs fled to Arcadia and Aetolia, where they engaged in banditry and were destroyed by Heracles. [21]
Some Centaurs settled in Aethicia, in the Pindus Mountains near the source of the Peneius River. They later migrated to the Auas River in Molossia, where they became known as the Parauaei. [22]
At the end of the 5th century BC, the Parauaei, led by Oroedus, sided with Peloponnesus in the Peloponnesian War. [23]
In the 3rd century BC, the Parauaei lived on the outskirts of Macedonia. [24]
4 Delphians
4.1 Foundation of Lycoreia
In 1750 BC, a great flood occurred in the Cephisus River north of Mount Parnassus. [25]
Ectenes, led by Ogygus, fled downstream of the Cephisus River, while the sons of Inachus fled to Peloponnesus.
Lycorus (or Lycoreus), son of Parnassus' daughter Corycia, led the people to Mount Parnassus and founded Lycoreia. [26]
4.2 Foundation of Delphi
Lycorus had a son, Hyamus, who had a daughter, Celaeno, who had a son, Delphus. Delphi was named after Delphus. [27]
Delphi was also called Pytho, after Delphus' son, Pythes. [28]
The founding of Delphi is estimated to have occurred in 1650 BC.
4.3 Migration to Lydia
In 1173 BC, the Delphians, along with the Magnesians, migrated to Lydia and founded Magnesia. [29]
5 Leleges (or Lelegians)
Strabo describes the Leleges as a nomadic people, having lived in Caria, Acarnania, and Locris. [30]
However, these Leleges were not a single tribe.
The original inhabitants of Boeotia and Euboea were also called Leleges. [31]
5.1 Leleges of Lacedaemon, Megara, and Acarnania
In 1430 BC, Lelex, son of Libya, migrated from Egypt to the region that would later become Lacedaemon.
The region was named Lelegia, and its inhabitants were called Leleges after Lelex. [32]
Later, Lelex migrated to Megara. [33]
The people of Megara also came to be called Leleges. [34]
In 1390 BC, Teleboas, son of Therapne, daughter of Lelex, led the Leleges into Acarnania. [35]
Teleboas' descendants became known as the Teleboans, and the Teleboans and Leleges lived in western Acarnania. [36]
5.2 Leleges of Asia Minor
In 1425 BC, Astypalaea, daughter of Phoenix, son of Agenor, married Idaean Heracles, who lived in Aptera, northwest of Crete. [37]
In 1416 BC, Idaean Heracles led a group of immigrants from Crete to Caria and founded five towns. [38]
Idaean Heracles was a Telchines, one of the Idaean Dactyls. [39]
In addition to Telchines, the group also included Arcadians.
They intermarried with the Carians who lived in Caria and changed their name to Leleges.
Ancaeus, the son of Idaean Heracles and Astypalaea, became king of Leleges. [40]
Leleges was a name given to people of mixed race who did not belong to any particular tribe. [41]
Pausanias describes the Leleges as a branch of the Carians, a race born from the interbreeding of Carians and Greeks. [42]
During the Trojan War, King Trambelus of the Leleges lived in Miletus. [43]
5.3 Leleges of Locris
In 1262 BC, Opus, son of Locrus, migrated from Physcus in Locris to the area between Thermopylae and the Strait of Euripus and founded Opus. [44]
Contributors to the construction of Opus came from Argos, Thebes, Arcadia, and Pisa. [45]
The people of Locris were a mixture of Dorians, Argives, Thebans, Arcadians, and Myrmidons, and came to be called Leleges. [46]
The Leleges, who lived in Locris, also expanded their settlement into Boeotia. [47]
6 Gephyraeans
In 1420 BC, the Gephyraeans, a branch of the Phoenicians, migrated from Phoenicia to Boeotia with Cadmus. [48]
In 1392 BC, the Gephyraeans, who lived in Boeotia, migrated to Athens. [49]
The Gephyraeans brought to Athens knowledge of the constellations, which had been created in Mesopotamia, and Phoenician letters.
The Gephyraeans were one of the races which made Athens the center of ancient Greek civilization.
In 1204 BC, the Gephyraeans, who lived in Boeotia, migrated to Acarnania and founded Astacus. [50]
At this time, the Gephyraeans also likely settled in Argos-Amphilochicum, near the Ambracian Gulf. Thucydides reports that in 430 BC, the Amphilochians, who lived alongside the Ambracians, were the first to use Greek. [51]
In 1200 BC, the Gephyraeans remaining in Boeotia were driven by the Boeotians and migrated to Athens. [52]
In 1085 BC, the Gephyraeans who lived in Athens migrated to Euboea and founded Eretria. [53]
In 514 BC, Hipparchus, brother of Hippias, tyrant of Athens, was assassinated by Aristogiton and Harmodius. [54]
Aristogiton and Harmodius were Gephyraeans from Aphidna. [55]
The Gephyraeans migrated from Eretria in Euboea and lived in Aphidna. [56]
7 Greek Dark Ages
The Perrhaebians lived in Thessaly and near the source of the Peneius River.
The Aenianians lived in Thessaly.
The Malians, who changed their name from the Aenianians, lived around the Malian Gulf.
The Parauaei, who changed their name from the Aenianians, lived in the land of the Molossians.
The Delphians lived in Delphi in Phocis and Magnesia in Lydia.
The Leleges, driven from their homes by the Ionians and Dorians, lived in Asia Minor.
The Gephyraeans lived in Eretria in Euboea.
The Gephyraeans lived in Acarnania.
End |
